Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Carnivore GIT > Flashcards

Carnivore GIT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four layers of the carnivore GIT?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa/adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the esophagus lay in relation to the trachea?

A

To the left and slightly dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What main nerve innervates the esophagus?

A

Vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does the terminal esophagus drain into?

A

Portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What stimulates peristalsis?

A

External nerves and distension of the esophagus/stomach/intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are three common sites of esophageal obstruction?

A

Thoracic inlet, over heart base, entrance into diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the vascular ring anomaly?

A

When a major blood vessel is malformed and constricts the esophagus, only allowing liquid through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What general organs is the carnivore digestive tract made of?

A

Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, spleen, pancreas (Along with spleen are the major secretory organs of carnivore digestive tract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name of the layer of peritoneum that lines the body wall?

A

Parietal peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name of the layer of peritoneum that lines the organs?

A

Visceral peritoneum, encloses organs in two folds of peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the peritoneal organs?

A

Stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, bladder, reproductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

A

Kidneys, adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is “mesentery?”

A

Folds of peritoneum that enclose organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What two mesenteric layer make up the greater mesentery?

A

Mesoileum and mesojejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What other mesenteric layers are present in the body besides greater mesentery?

A

Mesoduodenum, mesocolon, mesorectum, mesogastrium (Omentum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the name of the sac that is created by two folds of the greater omentum?

A

Omental bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of the channel in the greater omentum that leads from the liver to the sac of the greater omentum?

A

Epiploic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does the digestive system get the main supply of its blood?

A

Dorsal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the majority of the blood from the liver and terminal rectum drain into?

A

Caudal vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the majority of the blood from the terminal esophagus, spleen, pancreas, and proximal rectum drain into?

A

Hepatic portal system to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the only vessel that does not drain into the heart?

A

Hepatic portal vein, drains to liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the three branches of the celiac artery?

A

Left gastric artery, splenic artery, hepatic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What three branches of the aorta supply the entire digestive tract?

A

Celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, caudal mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the ductus venosus?

A

A portosystemic shunt that is present when an animal is young but should close off as an adult (Sometimes does not, causes problems), causes blood to bypass the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where do lymph nodes generally lie in the digestive tract?

A

Within the mesentery

26
Q

What are the four parts of the basic non-ruminant stomach?

A

Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

27
Q

What is secreted by each part of the carnivore stomach?

A

Cardia: Mucus
Fundus/body: Acid (HCl, pepsin)
Pylorus: Mucus and endocrine cells (Gastrin)

28
Q

How is the stomach attached to the rest of the body?

A

Greater omentum attaches to spleen, lesser omentum attaches to liver, gastrophrenic ligament attaches fundus to left crus of diaphragm (Strongest attachment)

29
Q

What is gastric torsion?

A

When the stomach twists around the cardia and forms a “double bubble” image on radiographs (Fundus appears as big bubble, pylorus appears as small bubble), traps gas in the stomach causing severe distension and may cut off blood supply leading to necrosis, may cause vomiting

30
Q

What is the major histological difference between the small and large intestines?

A

Villi AND crypts will be seen in small intestine, only crypts, NOT villi will be seen in the large intestine

31
Q

In which part of the small intestines are folds most numerous?

A

Jejunum

32
Q

What are the pockets at the base between villi?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

33
Q

What lies between the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine?

A

Muscularis mucosae

34
Q

Which two ducts open in the cranial flexure of the duodenum?

A

Bile duct and pancreatic duct

35
Q

What is the main function of the duodenum?

A

Receive liquid chyme from the stomach and neutralize the gastric acid and pepsin using mucus with bicarbonate secreted from Brunner’s glands

36
Q

What is the longest part of the small intestines and where is it located?

A

The jejunum, located in ventral abdomen in loose coils suspended by greater mesentery

37
Q

What is the main site for absorption?

A

The jejunum

38
Q

How is the ileum supported in the abdomen?

A

Greater mesentery and ileocecal fold

39
Q

What is the name of the junction between the ileum, cecum, and large intestines?

A

Ileocecocolic junction

40
Q

What are Peyer’s patches and where are they found?

A

Immunoprotective aggregations of lymphatic tissue in submucosa of ileum

41
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine?

A

Water and salt reabsorption from feces

42
Q

What are the three sections of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, colon, rectum

43
Q

Histologically, how is the large intestine different than the small intestine?

A

No villi but still crypts, more goblet cells

44
Q

What is the name for the orifice connecting the ileum and the colon?

A

Ileocolic orifice

45
Q

What is the name for the orifice connecting the cecum to the colon?

A

Cecocolic orifice

46
Q

What does the cecum look like in the cat and dog?

A

Comma shaped in the cat, spiral shaped in the dog

47
Q

Where in the carnivore is the cecum located?

A

Around the second lumbar vertebra

48
Q

Describe the ascending colon.

A

Right side of abdomen, relatively stable, located between the duodenum and mesenteric root, connected to the transverse colon through right colic flexure

49
Q

Describe the transverse colon.

A

Runs right to left, caudal to stomach and cranial to mesenteric root, more flexible/unstable in placement than ascending colon, connects to descending colon through the left colic flexure

50
Q

Describe the descending colon.

A

Left side of abdomen, longest part of colon, runs to the pelvic canal

51
Q

Describe the rectum.

A

Runs through pelvic cavity, most dorsal structure in pelvic canal, supported by mesorectum, caudal rectum is retroperitoneal because serosa reflects back to become parietal peritoneum, attached to pelvic diaphragm/vagina/urethra, stores feces

52
Q

What is the difference in muscle between the internal and external anal sphincters?

A

Internal sphincter is the narrowing of the longitudinal smooth muscle of the gut, external sphincter is striated muscle under voluntary control.

53
Q

Where are the paranal sacs (Anal glands) located?

A

Ventrolaterally to the anus, between the internal and external anal sphincters

54
Q

What is atresia?

A

Failure of an orifice or passage to develop or open

55
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

Store blood, remove particles from circulation, destroy red blood cells, produce lymphocytes

56
Q

What is the red pulp of the spleen?

A

Spaces between vessels, contain RBC components, reservoir of blood cells

57
Q

What is the white pulp of the spleen?

A

Lymph nodules

58
Q

What is the capsule of the spleen?

A

Causes the spleen to contract to expel blood, variable in size, extends trabeculae into pulp, muscular in carnivores (Less so in ruminants), contains some lymph vessels

59
Q

Describe the carnivore spleen.

A

Flattened and elongated, in left cranial abdomen, lies adjacent to greater curvature of stomach, head of spleen is cranial to the left kidney, tail is in the ventral abdomen, vessels enter at a variety of locations.

60
Q

Describe the equine spleen.

A

Triangular, renosplenic ligament to left kidney, vessels enter in a ridge along the length of the spleen

61
Q

Describe the bovine spleen.

A

Flattened and elongated, lies to the left of the rumen, vessels enter through a single hilus and pass over the rumen.

62
Q

How do ovine and caprine spleens differ from the bovine spleen?

A

More rounded and smaller

Anatomy and Physiology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions