Ruminant GIT #2 Flashcards
Greater omentum
- passes caudally from esophagus to rumen over right longitudinal groove, caudal groove, and forward along the left longitudinaly groove, reticulum, and greater curvature of abomasum to duodenum
-superficial and deep layers which form an omental bursa
-forms a sling= supraomental recess
Lesser omentum
-comes from the lesser curvature of abomasum, covers the omasum and attaches along the liver and duodenum.
Post-natal ruminant development
-Birth: abomasal capacity is more than the combined capacity of all other compartments
-Weaning: when young calf begins eating food and mucosa encounters products of microbial fermentation (butyric acid), other compartments begin to grow and balance out with abomasum. Final proportions of stomach compartments are reached at 1 year. Eventually the rumen is the largest
Pregnancies effect on abomasum
-gravid uterus slides up underneath the rumen and can lead to the displacement of the abomasum
>displacement and the increased energy demands near the end of pregnancy leading to gas building up and further displacing abomasum
Displaced Abomasum
-commonly occurs to the left, but can also occur to the right
Pregnancy Toxemia
-ketones build up=toxic
-occurs during pregnancy when the animal has much higher energetic demands but also has less room for rumen. This makes it difficult to meet energy needs.
Vasculature of rumen
-Celiac Artery branches to:
1.Splenic
2.Left gastric artery
3.Hepatic artery
Splenic artery supply
-right ruminal artery (visceral side and the caudal rumen)
-Left ruminal artery (parietal side and cranial rumen)
-Reticular artery (cardia and reticulum)
Left gastric artery supply
-supplies the omasum and fundic part of abomasum along lesser curvature
>accessory reticular supplying ventral reticulum
>left gastro-epiploic supplying the fundus of abomasum
Hepatic Artery supply
-Right gastric artery (supplies pylorus of abomasum)
-Gastro-duodenal
-Right gastric-epiploic (supplies pyloric abomasum)
Rumen veins
-run satellite to arteries
-gastric and splenic arteries join and open into the portal vein
Rumen parasympathetic vs sympathetic innervation
-Parasympathetic: main gastric innervation from vagus nerves
-Sympathetic: from splanchnic nerves
Branches of vagus supplying rumen
-dorsal vagal trunk
-ventral vagal trunk
Dorsal vagal trunk
-innervates the rumen wall, reticular groove, reticulo-omasal opening, omasum, and abomasum
Ventral dorsal trunk
-innervates atrium ruminis, reticular groove, omasum, and right face of abomasum