Male Delivery System

Question 1

Issues with male delivery system

Answer 1

-urethras get blocked
-penile erectile tissue ruptures
-necrotic parts
-penile tumors
-semen and urine collection

Question 2

Urethra

Answer 2

-has both pelvic and penile parts
-skeletal muscle called urethralis muscle
-bull and camelids has urethral diverticulum
-stallion has urethral sinus

Question 3

Pelvic part of urethra

Answer 3

-extends from bladder to start of penis at ischial arch

Question 4

Penile part of urethra

Answer 4

-extends from the ischial to urethral orifice

Question 5

Urethra histology

Answer 5

-mucosal tube
-transitional epithelium with glandular tissue
-vascular submucosa (stratum spongiosum)
-has venous sinus; not leaky

Question 6

Trigone

Answer 6

-borders the ureters and urethral crest
-enters into the colliculus seminalis space

Question 7

Colliculus seminalis

Answer 7

-space that acts as the ejaculatory duct
>has ampullae and vesicular glands, and ducts of prostate and bulbourethral glands

Question 8

What happens to urethra at Ischial arch

Answer 8

-urethral bends and enters the penis

Question 9

3 regions of Penis

Answer 9

-proximal to distal
>Root/bulb
>Body
>Glans (contains the bulbus glandis)
»Dogs have os penis bone within the glans region

Question 10

3 vascular columns of penis

Answer 10

-Corpus cavernosum (2 crura)
-Corpus spongiosum

Question 11

3 muscles of Penis

Answer 11

-Ischiocavernosus muscle (paired striated)
-Bulbospongiosus muscle (paired but it is fused and appears as one; striated)
-Retractor penis muscle (mostly smooth)

Question 12

Stallion perineum

Answer 12

-Crus is the erectile tissue
>surrounded by tunica albuginea
-Ischiocavernous muscle also surrounds the crus

Question 13

Dog Penis

Answer 13

-Root (bulb)
-Body
-Glans
>contains bulbous glandis

Question 14

Dog penis body

Answer 14

-contains corpus cavernosum crura (x2) surrounded by tunica albuginea
-contains corpus spongiosum

Question 15

Turn and Tie in Dogs

Answer 15

1. Copulation
2. Dog turns, twisting erect penis, creating constrictions/occlusions
   -diameter changes
   -length does not change because presence of os cordis
   -bulbus glandis increases in size and ensures that it stays within vagina until complete

Question 16

Venous occlusions in dogs

Answer 16

1.ischial arch
2.prepuce
3.Vestibule of female

Question 17

Penis arterial supply

Answer 17

1.Aorta
2.internal iliac
3.internal pudendal
4.artery of penis
5.Artery of bulb
6.Deep artery of penis
7.Dorsal artery of penis

Question 18

Penis veins

Answer 18

-largely satellite with arteries
-drain cavernous spaces and eventually converge to drain into internal pudendal vein

Question 19

Nerves of penis

Answer 19

-parasympathetic pelvic nerve for erection
-sympathetic for ejaculation
-somatic sensory and motor fibers from pudendal nerve

Question 20

Penis of the cat

Answer 20

-at rest faces backward
-During erect state, faces forward

Question 21

Cat Glans penis

Answer 21

-Has spines based on testosterone levels
>castrated animals will not have spine, will be smooth

Question 22

2 penis types

Answer 22

1.Musculo-cavernous (stallion, carnivores, man)
-reaches lower pressure
-can increase in length
2.Fibro-elastic (ruminants, boar, camelids)
-reaches higher pressure
-sigmoid flexor to keep extra length inside body
-does not increase in length

Question 23

Penis of horse

Answer 23

-urethral sinus
-fossa glandis

Question 24

Deer penis

Answer 24

-no sigmoid flexure in cervids

Question 25

Bull penis

Answer 25

-tip=urethral process
-glans
-raphe

Question 26

Ram urethral process

Answer 26

-extensive, extending outwards in length

Question 27

Penis of Pig

Answer 27

-twists around into uterus for insemination

Question 28

Prepuce

Answer 28

-sheath covering ventro-lateral aspects of epnis
-external layer is continuous with the skin of abdominal wall, and internal layer is continuous with the skin on the free part of the penis
-hairless, with many glands

Question 29

Prepuce (sheath) in dog

Answer 29

-invagination of skin that covers the penis
-has sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands, no hair
-aggregated lymphoid nodules

Question 30

Smegma

Answer 30

-secretions and desquamated skin
Excreted from glands of dog penis

Question 31

Prepuce (sheath) in horse

Answer 31

-2 folds and preputial ring

Question 32

Prepuce (sheath) in boar

Answer 32

-dorsal preputial diverticulum

Question 33

Sexual stimulation

Answer 33

-arteries dilate at entrance of cavernous tissue
-filling of the spongy and cavernous spaces
-distension
-restriction of venous outflow passively by pressure on tunica albuginea and actively by contraction of ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and ischiourethralis muscle
-relaxation of retractor penis muscle
-extension of the glans penis beyond the prepuce

Question 34

How does semen reach end of penis?

Answer 34

-based on pressure from the blood
>muscles help push blood at the root of the penis