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Anatomy #4- rumen, udder, urinary > Ovaries > Flashcards

Ovaries Flashcards

1
Q

Components of tubular genitalia

A

-uterine tubes
-uterus
-cervix
-vagina
-vestibule
-vulva and clitoris

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2
Q

Estrus

A

period where female is receptive

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3
Q

Estrus cycle

A

time between two receptive periods of estrus

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4
Q

Anestrous

A

period of no follicle activity. The interval of sexual inactivity between two periods of estrus in females that breed cyclically

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5
Q

Polyestrous

A

Many estrus cycles during a single breeding season, ovulating more than once a year
-cows, horses, humans

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6
Q

Monestrous

A

Estrus cycle once a year
-dogs

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7
Q

Ovulation

A

Release of oocyte from the mature follicle

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8
Q

Induced ovulation

A

Require mating before ovulation

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9
Q

Spontaneous ovulation

A

Most common
-no need for male stimulation for ovulation to occur

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10
Q

Nulliparous

A

Animal that had never given birth

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11
Q

Primiparous

A

Animal giving birth for first time

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12
Q

Multiparous

A

Animal has given birth multiple times

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13
Q

Monotocous

A

Gives birth to one young in a single birth

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14
Q

Polytocous

A

Gives birth to a litter
-dogs and cats

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15
Q

Ovaries

A

-contain follicles made during the fetal stage
-develop from the remnants of kidneys

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16
Q

Location of the ovaries

A

-suspended from the roof of the abdomen AND suspended from the walls of the pelvis by the broad ligament

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17
Q

Ovary attachments in dogs

A

-attached to kidneys by suspensory ligament (unique to them)
-also attached by the proper ligament and the broad ligament

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18
Q

Pouches of the reproductive tract of a llama

A

-recto-genital pouch
-vesico-genital pouch

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19
Q

Follicle location within the ovary

A

-follicles within the peripheral part (cortex)
-Corpus luteum- adrenal gland producing progesterone which is important for pregnancy

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20
Q

Follicles

A

-Follicles containing oocytes are produced during the fetal stage
-some follicles develop, others don’t. They become known as primary, secondary, tertiary follicles depending on the number of the surrounding cells

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21
Q

Zona pellucida

A

-layer of glycoproteins produced by oocytes
-provides protection; mechanism with sperm receptors which allows entry of one sperm at a time
-embryo will merge from the zona pellucida

22
Q

Ovarian follicular dynamics

A

-constant growth
>previous data but no longer believed accurate

-wave pattern with selection
>more accurate, seen in cows (either 2 wave or 3 wave cycles)

23
Q

Control of ovarian dynamics of cattle

A

-2 or 3 waves/estrus cycle elicited by FSH surges
>waves have dominant and subordinate follicles
-pattern repeatable
-LH suppression from corpus luteum prevents ovulation until luteolysis

24
Q

Ovarian bursa in cow and mare

A

-spacious bursa with large entrance

25
Q

Ovarian bursa in dog

A

ovary is completely entrapped in ovarian bursa due to constricted entrance

26
Q

Equine Ovary

A

-ovary develops like other animals with all of the primordial follicles on the surface. At time of birth, the ovary begins to invert on itself resulting in cortex and follicles on the middle and the medulla on the outside

27
Q

Size difference of follicles of horse vs cattle

A

Horse:40-50 mm
Cattle: 15mm

28
Q

Uterine tubes

A

-for gamete transport and support for early conceptus

-is the oviducts (infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus)

29
Q

Layers of uterine tubes

A

1.outer visceral peritoneum
2.Middle smooth muscle (inner circular, outer longitudinal)
3.Inner mucosal layer

30
Q

Uterus

A

supports the development and delivery of the conceptus
-has left and right uterine horns (which can be straight or curled depending on species)

31
Q

Layers of uterus

A

1.Perimetrium (visceral peritoneum)
2.Myometrium (smooth muscle with outer longitudinal, inner circular)
3.Endometrium (luminal epithelium)

32
Q

Uterine body

A

-short in most species but long in the horse

33
Q

Corpus-cornual junction

A

area where the 2 uterine horns and uterine body meet

34
Q

Cervix

A

-terminal part of the uterus
-sphincter that controls access to and from the uterus

35
Q

Different folds in cervix for different species

A

1.Irregular folds: ruminants

  1. Complex interdigitating folds: Pig
  2. Longitudinal folds: horse
36
Q

Layers of the cervix

A

1.Outer visceral peritoneum

  1. Middle, elastic fibromuscular tissue
  2. inner mucosal folds with secreting cells
37
Q

Broad ligament

A

-double layer of visceral peritoneum separated by prominent smooth muscle layer that suspends the entire reproductive tract

-separated the pelvic cavity into dorsal and ventral parts

38
Q

Mesovarium

A

suspends the ovaries

39
Q

Mesosalpinx

A

suspends the oviducts

40
Q

Mesometrium

A

suspends the uterine horns and uterine body

41
Q

Ovarian bursa

A

a pouch of the mesosalpinx and mesovarium in which the ovary projects itself

42
Q

Suspensory ligament

A

only in dogs and cats
-attaches ovary and kidney
-must be broken down during ovirectomy

43
Q

Round ligament of the uterus

A

-homologous to gubernaculum in male
-located along the ventral or lateral aspect of broad ligament from tip of horn to inguinal canal

44
Q

Vagina

A

-copulatory organ and birth canal
-sensitive to hormonal changes

45
Q

Vagina layers

A
  1. Adventitia
  2. smooth muscle
  3. mucosa
46
Q

Fornix

A

reflection of cranial end of vagina back to protruding cervical os

47
Q

Vestibule

A

-most caudal part of tubular genitalia; from vagina to the external environment

48
Q

Vestibulo-vaginal junction

A

-former site of hymen
**mare has transverse mucosal fold
**suburethral diverticulum in the ruminants, camelids and pigs
**raised urethral papilla in carnivores

49
Q

Vulva and clitoris

A

-terminal portion of vestibule
-dorsal and ventral commissures bounded by labia

50
Q

Clitoris

A

-homologue of penis
-has 2 crura, body and glans

51
Q

Clitoris specie differences

A

-Dogs and cats: os clitoridis
-Ruminants: sigmoid flexure

Anatomy #4- rumen, udder, urinary (17 decks)

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