ruminant abdomen

Question 1

subiliac lymph node

Answer 1

can be palpated

Question 2

deep fascia in ruminant

Answer 2

Tunica flavis abdominis

Question 3

superficial fascia contains

Answer 3

cutaneous trunci
subiliac lymph node

Question 4

cesarean section in ruminant

Answer 4

left flank incision

Question 5

why is the flank clinically relevant in ox?

Answer 5

larger than equine, can more easily do surgery in paralumbar fossa

Question 6

size of ruminant stomach

Answer 6

4 chambers
110-235 liters
rumen fills almost entire L side of abdomen

Question 7

chambers of the ruminant stomach

Answer 7

3 nonglandular: rumen, reticulum, omasum
1 glandular: abomasum
stomach is complex and composite

Question 8

rumen

Answer 8

1st chamber of stomach
from 8th intercostal space to pelvic inlet
takes up most of L side of abdomen
pushes all other organs to the right

Question 9

where can you access and listen to the rumen?

Answer 9

left paralumbar fossa

Question 10

ruminal grooves

Answer 10

external grooves correspond to pillars inside
neurovasc. supply
filled with fat
converted by pertironeum
avoid in sx

Question 11

ruminoreticular groove

Answer 11

separates rumen from reticulum
wall in between is ruminoreticular fold

Question 12

ruminal papillae

Answer 12

increase surface area
important for gas production

Question 13

small ruminant vs bovine rumen

Answer 13

small: ventral pushed forward, dorsal pushed back, squished compared to bovine
bovine:

Question 14

reticulum

Answer 14

most cranial compartment
second compartment
contacts diaphragm
close to heart
6th-8th ICS
lies over xiphoid cart.
in the midline (slightly left)
foreign body can puncture heart from here

Question 15

reticular cells (crests)

Answer 15

honeycomb appearance
inside reticulum

Question 16

path of food

Answer 16

1. esophagus
2. cranial sac of rumen (esophagus pushes food past reticulum)

Question 17

path of milk

Answer 17

1. esophagus
2. abomasum

Question 18

traumatic reticulupericarditis and peritonitis

Answer 18

sharp metallic object in reticulum punctures diaphragm or liver

can add magnets to rumen to prevent

Question 19

omasum

Answer 19

right side

entirely in intrathoracic part of abd

8th-11 ribs

Question 20

omasum in cattle vs small ruminant

Answer 20

omasum larger than reticulum in bovine

small: omasum smaller than reticulum, no contact w body wall, completely covered by liver, harder to access

Question 21

abomasum

Answer 21

last (4th) chamber

glandular (true) stomach

on right side (7-11th ribs)

capacity of 10-20L

just caudal to the reticulum under omasum

contact abd floor

Question 22

Displaced abomasum (DA)

Answer 22

left (90%) between rumen and L abd wall

right (10%): more serious, associated w torsion of pylorus, twist and damage to vagal nerves (on lesser curvature)

fixed by abomasopexy and omentopexy

Question 23

ruminant greater omentum

Answer 23

highly defined

superficial and deep layers with mental bursa in btwn

Question 24

supraomental recess

Answer 24

intestinal pouch (V shaped)

closed cranially, open caudally

Question 25

what is the largest stomach compartment in young ruminants?

Answer 25

abomasum: digests milk

Question 26

spleen position in ruminant

Answer 26

entirely on L side firmly attached to craniodorsal aspect of rumen compressed btwn rumen and L body wall no gastrosplenic ligament

Question 27

hemal nodes

Answer 27

lymphatic structures with blood circ only receive and filter blood instead of lymph found along great vessels, mesenteric regions, perineal fat, subQ tissue dark brown

Question 28

LIVER POSITION

Answer 28

rumen pushes liver to the R R lobe: dorsal Left love: ventral from 6th ICS-last rib no clear interlobar fissures

Question 29

caudate lobe

Answer 29

most caudal hugs R kidney

Question 30

liver biopsy

Answer 30

R side at the 9-10 ICS (sheep/goat) 11th ICS in cattle slightly above line from tuber coxae to olecranon

Question 31

ruminant pancreas

Answer 31

left lobe, R lobe in mesoduodenum, body

Question 32

ruminant duodenum

Answer 32

similar to other animals cranial duodenum\>sigmoid loop\> cranial flexure\> desc duodenum\> caudal flexure\> asc. duodenum\> duodenal flexure

Question 33

ruminant jejunem

Answer 33

in supraomental recess

Question 34

ruminant ileum

Answer 34

has ileoceoal fold and opening

Question 35

ruminant cecum

Answer 35

apex directed caudally toward pelvic inlet straight, cylindrical, no tenia, no haustra smooth wall located dorsally in supraomental recess, in R paralumbar fossa

Question 36

ruminant ascending colon

Answer 36

3 parts * proximal loop, spiral loop (on left of mesojejunum, cannot see from R side), distal loop

Question 37

bovine kidney

Answer 37

lobated externally, no renal pelvis both on R side

Question 38

ruminant L kidney

Answer 38

pendulous, floating pushed to midline by rumen caudal to R kidney hilius lies dorsally L ureter begins in midline and inclines back to L side of body

Question 39

small ruminant kidneys

Answer 39

resemble K9 kidneys smooth