ruminant abdomen Flashcards
subiliac lymph node
can be palpated
deep fascia in ruminant
Tunica flavis abdominis
superficial fascia contains
cutaneous trunci
subiliac lymph node
cesarean section in ruminant
left flank incision
why is the flank clinically relevant in ox?
larger than equine, can more easily do surgery in paralumbar fossa
size of ruminant stomach
4 chambers
110-235 liters
rumen fills almost entire L side of abdomen
chambers of the ruminant stomach
3 nonglandular: rumen, reticulum, omasum
1 glandular: abomasum
stomach is complex and composite
rumen
1st chamber of stomach
from 8th intercostal space to pelvic inlet
takes up most of L side of abdomen
pushes all other organs to the right
where can you access and listen to the rumen?
left paralumbar fossa
ruminal grooves
external grooves correspond to pillars inside
neurovasc. supply
filled with fat
converted by pertironeum
avoid in sx
ruminoreticular groove
separates rumen from reticulum
wall in between is ruminoreticular fold
ruminal papillae
increase surface area
important for gas production
small ruminant vs bovine rumen
small: ventral pushed forward, dorsal pushed back, squished compared to bovine
bovine:
reticulum
most cranial compartment
second compartment
contacts diaphragm
close to heart
6th-8th ICS
lies over xiphoid cart.
in the midline (slightly left)
foreign body can puncture heart from here
reticular cells (crests)
honeycomb appearance
inside reticulum
path of food
- esophagus
- cranial sac of rumen (esophagus pushes food past reticulum)
path of milk
- esophagus
- abomasum
traumatic reticulupericarditis and peritonitis
sharp metallic object in reticulum punctures diaphragm or liver
can add magnets to rumen to prevent
omasum
right side
entirely in intrathoracic part of abd
8th-11 ribs
omasum in cattle vs small ruminant
omasum larger than reticulum in bovine
small: omasum smaller than reticulum, no contact w body wall, completely covered by liver, harder to access
abomasum
last (4th) chamber
glandular (true) stomach
on right side (7-11th ribs)
capacity of 10-20L
just caudal to the reticulum under omasum
contact abd floor
Displaced abomasum (DA)
left (90%) between rumen and L abd wall
right (10%): more serious, associated w torsion of pylorus, twist and damage to vagal nerves (on lesser curvature)
fixed by abomasopexy and omentopexy
ruminant greater omentum
highly defined
superficial and deep layers with mental bursa in btwn
supraomental recess
intestinal pouch (V shaped)
closed cranially, open caudally
what is the largest stomach compartment in young ruminants?
abomasum: digests milk
spleen position in ruminant
entirely on L side
firmly attached to craniodorsal aspect of rumen
compressed btwn rumen and L body wall
no gastrosplenic ligament
hemal nodes
lymphatic structures with blood circ only
receive and filter blood instead of lymph
found along great vessels, mesenteric regions, perineal fat, subQ tissue
dark brown
LIVER POSITION
rumen pushes liver to the R
R lobe: dorsal
Left love: ventral
from 6th ICS-last rib
no clear interlobar fissures
caudate lobe
most caudal
hugs R kidney
liver biopsy
R side at the 9-10 ICS (sheep/goat)
11th ICS in cattle
slightly above line from tuber coxae to olecranon
ruminant pancreas
left lobe, R lobe in mesoduodenum, body
ruminant duodenum
similar to other animals
cranial duodenum>sigmoid loop> cranial flexure> desc duodenum> caudal flexure> asc. duodenum> duodenal flexure
ruminant jejunem
in supraomental recess
ruminant ileum
has ileoceoal fold and opening
ruminant cecum
apex directed caudally toward pelvic inlet
straight, cylindrical, no tenia, no haustra
smooth wall
located dorsally in supraomental recess, in R paralumbar fossa
ruminant ascending colon
3 parts
- proximal loop, spiral loop (on left of mesojejunum, cannot see from R side), distal loop
bovine kidney
lobated externally, no renal pelvis
both on R side
ruminant L kidney
pendulous, floating
pushed to midline by rumen
caudal to R kidney
hilius lies dorsally
L ureter begins in midline and inclines back to L side of body
small ruminant kidneys
resemble K9 kidneys
smooth
