General immune system

Question 1

Main concept learned from Jenner (cow/small pox)

Answer 1

related diseases (cow pox) offer protection (small pox)

Question 2

concept learned from pasteur

Answer 2

germs cause diseases
harsh conditions will reduce the ability of germs to cause disease (how to make live avirulent vaccines)

Question 3

main concept learned from salomon, von behring, kitasato

Answer 3

can use killed bacteria, toxin filtrates to make vaccines, not just live avirulent

Question 4

metchnikoff main idea

Answer 4

big cells eat germs- phagocytes

Question 5

owen, medawar, buret concept

Answer 5

immune system actively tolerates (tolerence) its own tissues (antigens)

Question 6

Roitt, doniach, rose main concept

Answer 6

immune system can attack itself (break in tolerance of own tissues)

Question 7

mossman/kauffman

Answer 7

immune cells communicate with cytokines

Question 8

beutler, hoffman, steinman main concept

Answer 8

role of innate immune cells

Question 9

antigen

Answer 9

the substance (foreign) which provokes an immune response

Question 10

immunity

Answer 10

the state of protection from diseases
non specific: innate
specific: acquired
* B cell mediated, antibody, humoral
* T cell mediated (cellular)

Question 11

what part of the blood is rich in antibodies?

Answer 11

serum, plasma

Question 12

humoral (anitbody/B cell mediated) immunity

Answer 12

B lymphocytes (B cells) produce and release antibodies (Y shaped proteins) into blood and lymph

Question 13

what is the only cell that makes antibodies?

Answer 13

B cells

Question 14

specificity

Answer 14

antibodies that are produced will specifically combine with (bind to) the substance which induced their formation

Question 15

primary vs secondary immune response

Answer 15

primary: antibody levels are not long lasting, shorter peak
secondary: rapid burst and longer lasting

Question 16

Active vs passive immunity

Answer 16

active: infection causes antibodies to be produced
passive: antibodies passively aquired through milk

Transfer of antibodies from an individual with active immunity (e.g. mother) to an another individual (e.g. a new born) will confer** immediate protection** (immunity) to the recipient

not long lasting

ex: antibody transfer

Question 17

T cell mediated immunity

Answer 17

NOT mediated by antibody producing B cells
cannot be transferred by serum but rather by T cells

Question 18

tolerance

Answer 18

immune system can differentiate self vs non self and tolerates self

Question 19

fetal vs adult tolerance

Answer 19

fetuses have immature immune system, may accept non self as self when fetuses
no live vaccines during pregnancy (mess up self vs non self)

Question 20

autoimmune diseases

Answer 20

breakdown of tolerance results in immune attack on self tissues