General immune system Flashcards
Main concept learned from Jenner (cow/small pox)
related diseases (cow pox) offer protection (small pox)
concept learned from pasteur
germs cause diseases
harsh conditions will reduce the ability of germs to cause disease (how to make live avirulent vaccines)
main concept learned from salomon, von behring, kitasato
can use killed bacteria, toxin filtrates to make vaccines, not just live avirulent
metchnikoff main idea
big cells eat germs- phagocytes
owen, medawar, buret concept
immune system actively tolerates (tolerence) its own tissues (antigens)
Roitt, doniach, rose main concept
immune system can attack itself (break in tolerance of own tissues)
mossman/kauffman
immune cells communicate with cytokines
beutler, hoffman, steinman main concept
role of innate immune cells
antigen
the substance (foreign) which provokes an immune response
immunity
the state of protection from diseases
non specific: innate
specific: acquired
* B cell mediated, antibody, humoral
* T cell mediated (cellular)
what part of the blood is rich in antibodies?
serum, plasma
humoral (anitbody/B cell mediated) immunity
B lymphocytes (B cells) produce and release antibodies (Y shaped proteins) into blood and lymph
what is the only cell that makes antibodies?
B cells
specificity
antibodies that are produced will specifically combine with (bind to) the substance which induced their formation
primary vs secondary immune response
primary: antibody levels are not long lasting, shorter peak
secondary: rapid burst and longer lasting
Active vs passive immunity
active: infection causes antibodies to be produced
passive: antibodies passively aquired through milk
Transfer of antibodies from an individual with active immunity (e.g. mother) to an another individual (e.g. a new born) will confer** immediate protection** (immunity) to the recipient
not long lasting
ex: antibody transfer
T cell mediated immunity
NOT mediated by antibody producing B cells
cannot be transferred by serum but rather by T cells
tolerance
immune system can differentiate self vs non self and tolerates self
fetal vs adult tolerance
fetuses have immature immune system, may accept non self as self when fetuses
no live vaccines during pregnancy (mess up self vs non self)
autoimmune diseases
breakdown of tolerance results in immune attack on self tissues
