equine abdomen Flashcards
paralumbar fossa in equine
smaller than cattle (cattle have less ribs), similar boundaries
prepubic tendon
important in horse
supports majority of weight of abd viscera
susceptible to rupture in pregnant mare
Heaves in horses
heaves line: hypertrophy of ext abd oblique muscle
from horse using abd muscles to breathe
post gastric fermentation
horses
hindgut fermenter
fermentation in cecum
equine stomach
simple composite
small (5-15L)
take care not to overextend
pyloric region
has antrum, canal, pylorus
saccus cecus
why is the stomach inaccessible? and why does it rupture? Why doesnt the horse vomit?
trapped in thoracic abdomen
abd musc dont contract to make vomiting, esophagus is oblique and acts as one way valve
equine interior of stomach
glandular and non glandular
gasterophilus larvae love stomach
greater omentum
short, ill developed
attaches to stomach and spleen (gastrosplenic lig)
attached to transverse colon (unique to equine)
small intestine in equine
similar to other animals but longer
equine duodenum
horseshoe like
equine jujenum
L dorsal part of abd
volvulus, intussusception, entrapment, incarceration into epiploic foramen or tunica vaginalis
long juejunual mesentary
equine ileum
firmer than jejunum in rectal palpation
ileocecal fold
equine cecum
comma shaped
3 parts: base, body, apex
4 teniae> haustra
equine cecum base, body, apex location
base: in R paralumbar fossa, partically covered by ribs
body: sinks within abd to lie on floor btwn ventral parts of asc colon
apex: caudal to xiphoid, floor of abd
cecum openings
ileocecal opening
cecocolic opening
cecocolic fold
on R side of cecum btwn cecum and asc colon
equine asc colon
extended greatly
double U shaped
~4m
parts: L/R ventral/dorsal parts
not fixed except at beginning (cecum) and end (transverse colon): pushes in diaphragm acting as a piston, helps respiration
descending (small) colon
long, long mesentrary
circulation
2 tenia
L paralumbar foss
equine points of obstruction
most common: pelvic flexure of asc colon (narrows and U turn)
transition from R dorsal to transverse colon (change in diameter)
cecocolic opening
ileocecal opening
equine liver
covered by lung
oriented obliquely
difficult to get liver biopsy
equine gallbladder
there is not one!
bile secreted continuously
epiploic (omental) foramen in equine
on R side, visceral surface of liver
closed by caudate process of liver, portal vein, hepatoduodenal lig
jejunum/ileum can be trapped in here
equine pancreas
ring around portal v (portal ring) equine only
similar to k9 triangular body and 2 lobes
Right side caudal to stomach and liver
extends to R/L kidneys
equine spleen
triangular with base and apex
attached to stomach (gastrosplenic lig)
attached to L kidney (nephrosplenic/renosplenic lig)
renosplenic entrapment
nephrosplenic lig forms shelf
colon can be entrapped
equine kindeys
R: heart shaped, contacts caudate lobe of liver, more cranial
L: bean shaped, medial to spleen, more caudal
equine urine
turbid/cloudy due to mucus glands in renal pelvis
