Pharmacology Flashcards
FDA approved proprietary drug
safety and efficacy with good laboratory practices
active ingredient, product were manufactured under good lab practices in FDA inspected facilities
therapeutic consistency, product quality, accurate shelf life, scientifically substantiated labeling
brand name vs pharmaceutical ingredient
brand name is capitalized
ingredient is lowercase
steps for drug approval
- drug concept is formed
- investigational new animal drug number assigned
- dosage regimen determined
- target animal safety (1x, 2x, 3x, 5x for 90 days)
- effectiveness (field trial)
- human food safety (food animal)
- chemistry, manufacturing, controls
- environmental impact
- new animal drug application # (on box)
- post-marketing surveillance
- crucial! report adverse effects to FDA
VPCR
veterinary client patient relationship
vet has examined the animal, developed a prelim diagnosis, and determined the need for the drug
Schedule 1 drug
highest potential for abuse
no medical use
lack of accepted safety
none in vet med (heroin)
schedule II drug
high potential for abuse
accepted for medical use with severe restrictions
may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence
morphine
schedule III drug
potential for abuse
accepted for medical treatment
abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence
ketamine
schedule IV drug
potential for abuse
accepted for medical use
may lead to limited dependence
diazepam
schedule V drugs
low potential for abuse
accepted for medical use
may lead to limited dependence
gabapentin
generic drugs
FDA approved
ANADA abbreviated
bioequivalent
may have brand name
prescription or OTC
generic vs brand name drugs
generic= lower cost
different excipients (inactive ingredients)
excipients
inactive ingredients
compounded drugs
HAVE NOT been tested for bioequivalence, efficacy, safety, strength
may not be manufactured under GMP in federally inspected plants
are NOT approved by FDA
ex: mixing injectables, crushing pills for an oral suspension
changing concentration to fit size of patient
NDC numbers
national drug code
approved for a species, not necessarily for your species
dose
quantity of a medicine or drug taken at a particular time
total mg or mg/kg
dosage
quantity and frequency of a dose of medicine or drug
mg/kg/day, mg/kg every 12 hours
dosage regimen
includes the route of administration and duration of dosing
mg/kg IV every 12 hours for 7 days
pharmacodynamics (PD)
what the drug does to the body
pharmacokinetics (PK)
what the body does to the drug
pharmacogenetics
how genes affect responses to drugs
chemotherapy
effect of drugs upon microorganisms, parasites, and neoplastic cells living and multiplying in an organism
toxicology/toxic effects
study of undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems
result from excessive pharmacological action due to overdose or prolonged usage
may occur in some patients at therapeutic dose
side effects
drug action outside the desired site
may be good or bad
adverse drug reaction
relates to change in patient
similar to adverse drug effect
