Rubin's 29: The Eye Flashcards
What is the diagnosis? Chronic, contagious conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; Scarring of conjunctiva; Can cause blindness in adults, but usually heals spontaneously in children
Trachoma corneal lesion = pannus
What is the dx? Yellowish conjunctival lump usually located nasal to the corneoscleral limbus
Pinguecula
What is the dx? A fold of vascularized cornea; grows horizontally in the shape of an insect wing; Not due to an infectious agent
Pterygium Frequently recurs after resection; Often associated with pinguecula
What is the cause of exophthalmos (proptosis) in hyperthyroidism?
Swelling of the extraocular muscles If severe, can include corneal exposure with subsequent ulceration and optic nerve compression
What is the dx? Cotton-wool spots; Capillary closure; Microaneurysms; Retinal neovascularization
Diabetic retinopathy Narrowing or occlusion of retinal arterioles from arteriosclerosis or platelet and lipid thrombi –> ischemia
T/F: The frequency of proliferative retinopathy correlated with the degree of glycemic control.
True. The better-controlled the sugar, the lower the rate of retinopathy.
What is the dx? Characteristic excavation of the optic nerve head; Progressive loss of visual field sensitivity; Increased ocular pressure; Degenerative changes in the retina;
Glaucoma
What is the dx? Anterior chamber angle is open and appears normal; Characteristic excavation of the optic nerve head; Progressive loss of visual field sensitivity; Increased ocular pressure; Degenerative changes in the retina;
Open-angle glaucoma No other underlying ocular disease
What is the dx? Anterior chamber is shallower than normal and the angle is abnormally narrow; Characteristic excavation of the optic nerve head; Progressive loss of visual field sensitivity; Increased ocular pressure; Degenerative changes in the retina;
Closed-angle glaucoma Affects persons whose iris is displaced anteriorly
Which type of glaucoma is considered an ocular emergency?
Low tension glaucoma; Must start hypotensive tx within 24-48 hours if vision is to be maintained
What is the dx? Increasing night blindness; Constriction of the peripheral visual field; Loss of retinal photoreceptors; Pigment accumulation within the retina
Retinitis pigmentosa runs in families
Cotton-wool spots are seen in what patient populations?
Diabetics and patients with HTN Fluffy white patches on the retina
Cherry-red spot describes a bright central foveola that occurs in the setting of what diseases?
Lysosomal storage diseases; Retinal artery occlusion
What is the dx? Yellow plaque of lipid-containing macrophages usually located on the eyelids; Seen in patients with hypercholesterolemia
Xanthelasma
Retinopathy of prematurity is associated with what toxicity?
Oxygen toxicity
