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MS 2 - Unit 3 > Behavioral science - personality disorders > Flashcards

Behavioral science - personality disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a personality disorder according to DSM criteria?

A

an ENDURING pattern of experience and behavior that has

1) Cognitive, emotional, interpersonal, and behavioral components
2) Leads to distress or impairment
3) Pervasive and inflexible
4) Onset in adolescence or early adulthood and stable over time

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2
Q

What are the 4 personality types defined by hyppocrates?

What was the cause of the different types?

What was ignored by this model?

What was used as treatments?

Who’s model changed this?

A

essentially cheerful,
depressed,
lazy,
angry

alterations in balance of bodily fluids/humors

role of environment and genetics

Diet purging or bleeding

Freuds model introduced heredity as a cause of personality disorder

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3
Q

Who provided the first attempt at modern classification of personality disorders?

What defined the different subtypes?

A

Wilhelm Reich

predominant ego defenses (“character armor”

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4
Q

What are Reic’s 4 classes?

A

Hysterical
Compulsive
Narcissistic
Masochistic

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5
Q

Which classifcation from Reich?

seductive, anxious, and dramatic, displaying under control over their instincts, emotions, and behaviors

A

hysterical

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6
Q

Which classification from Reich?

long-suffering, complaining, self-deprecatory, and dependent, undervaluing themselves relative to other persons.

A

masochistic

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7
Q

Which classification from Reich?

contemptuous, grandiose, essentially describing persons who overvalue themselves relative to other people

A

Narcissistic

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8
Q

Which classification from Reich?
controlled, decisive, and distrustful, essentially displaying an over control of their instincts, emotions, and behaviors, and a need for perfection

A

Compulsive

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9
Q

In today’s DSM what is Reich’s compulsive personality type called?

A

obsessive compulsive personality disorder

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10
Q

What is hysterical disorder now called?

A

Histrionic personality disorder

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11
Q

What is DSM correlation to masochistic personality?

A

Depressive personality disorder

Dependent personality disorder

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12
Q

What are the Cluster A personality disorders?

A

Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal

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13
Q

What are the Cluster B personality disorders?

A

Antisocial, Histrionic, Narcissistic, Borderline

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14
Q

What does it mean if you feel as though you meet the criteria for every type of personality disorder?

A

Sign of health and personal reflection ability

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15
Q

What characterizes Cluster A disorders?

A

psychotic-like thinking and mannerisms (NOT psychotic)

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16
Q

What characterizes Cluster B disorders?

A

poorly controlled, impulsive behaviors and unstable mood

engender dread among physicians

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17
Q

What characterizes Cluster C disorders?

A

anxiety

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18
Q

What are the Cluster C personality disorders?

A

Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive

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19
Q

unduly suspicious and distrustful of others, but this does not reach delusional intensity in that they can usually be persuaded otherwise. These are the patients who will accuse you of treating them like a guinea pig.

A

paranoid personality disorder

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20
Q

display a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and emotional flattening, similar to schizophrenia, but not to the same extent. They really prefer to be by themselves and choose solitary profession, like computer programming. (AS3 ck exist

A

)schizoid personality disorder

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21
Q

odd and eccentric, and may have cognitive and perceptual disturbances. For instance, many believe in ESP, may be very superstitious, or display magical thinking, such as believing that their dreams predict future events. They may have an unusual choice of clothing that does not…quite fit together and are inattentive to usual social conventions.

A

schizotypal personality disorder

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22
Q

Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others occurring since age 15 years
Evidence of a Conduct Disorder with onset before age 15 years

A

Antisocial personality disorder

Antisocial behavior is not exclusively during schizophrenia or a manic episode

Expect others to be manipulated

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23
Q

also called psychopathy and sociopathy. Interactions with physicians may involve deceit, manipulation, and malingering.

A

Antisocial personality disorder

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24
Q

expect that others will reject them

A

Histrionic personality disorder

25
Q

expect other to be manipulated

A

antisocial personality disorder

26
Q

Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood, such as:

Sexually seductive or provocative behavior
Self-dramatization, theatricality, exaggerated emotional expression
Is easily influenced by others
Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are

A

histrionic personality disorder

27
Q

tend to be excessively emotional and dramatic. They may initially charm us by their enthusiasm, apparent openness, or flirtatiousness. These charms quickly wear thin, however, as they continually demand to be the center of attention.

A

histrionic personality disorder

28
Q

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy and behavior) beginning by early adulthood
Need for admiration
Lack of empathy
Sense of entitlement

A

Narcissistic personality disorder

29
Q

expect others will be manipulated

A

antisocial personality disorder

30
Q

Expect others will humiliate them

A

Narcissistic personality disorder

31
Q

instability in mood, cognition, behavior, relationships, and sense of self.

A

borderline personality disorder

32
Q

What is the DSM criteria for borderline personality disorder?

A

A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood. > 5/9 characteristic behaviors are needed

33
Q

What are the 9 characteristic behaviors of borderline personality disorder?

A
  1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
  2. Unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, alternating idealization and devaluation
  3. Persistently unstable self-image or sense of self
  4. Impulsivity that is potentially self-damaging
  5. Recurrent suicidal behavior or threats, or self-mutilation
  6. Mood lability and reactivity
  7. Chronic feelings of emptiness
  8. Frequent or intense anger outbursts
  9. Transient paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms
34
Q

What is the interpersonal drama triangle? What PD does it define?

A

evil perpetrator, innocent victim, or heroic rescuer

perception of the behavior of those around them

borderline PD

35
Q

Which cluster of personality disorders are anxiety-ridden, but generally higher functioning?

A

Cluster C - disorders have an anxious component, but not enough to qualify for an anxiety disorder.

36
Q

Avoidant
Obsessive-Compulsive
Dependent

are sub-types of which cluster of PDs?

A

Cluster C

37
Q

Pervasive pattern of social inhibition beginning by early adulthood
Inhibited in social situations because of feelings of inadequacy
Hypersensitive to criticism or rejection

A

Avoidant PD

38
Q

____ PD essentially represents an exaggerated shyness

A

avoidant

39
Q

_____ personality disorder - generally want relationships, but are afraid of rejection or humiliation. _____ personality disorder - don’t care about relationships or opinions of others

A

Avoidant

Schizoid

40
Q

preoccupied with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, spontaneity, and openness

A

Obsessive compulsive PD

41
Q

How does OCD differ from OCPD?

A

OCD is characterized by obsessions and compulsions, such as counting, checking, and hand-washing. More severe manifestation of symptoms OCPD symptoms

42
Q

By early adulthood:
Preoccupied with details, rules, lists, schedules
Perfectionism interferes with task completion
Excessively devoted to work and productivity
Scrupulous about morality, ethics, and values
Unable to discard worn-out objects
Micro-manages tasks
Miserly spending style
Rigid and stubborn

A

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

43
Q

Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of beginning by early adulthood
Indecisive
Submissive and clingy
Difficulty expressing disagreement
Lack of self-confidence, feeling of helplessness
Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others

A

Dependent personality disorder

44
Q

craves to be taken care of and told what to do. Behavior tends to be submissive, indecisive, and clingy, with fears of separation.

A

Dependent personality disorder

45
Q

What distinguishes borderline and dependent personality disorder?

A

BPD alternates from clingy and dependent behavior to periods of angry and defiant behavior

46
Q

What is the 5 factor mordel? What are the factors?

A

system of classification of personality types rather than method to diagnose a disorder

Extraversion
Neuroticism
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
47
Q

Which personality disorders are more common in women? men?

A

Women: Paranoid, avoidant, and dependent PDs
Men: Antisocial PD

48
Q

What are the risk factors for developing a PD

A

not married, impoverished, poorly educated

Prevalence rates vary by country, setting, and gender

49
Q

What factors should be considered in a differential diagnosis of a PD/might exacerbate PD symptoms

A

Substances
Medical/psychiatric disorders
Stress
Close relationships

50
Q

Are biomarkers (e.g. neuoimaging) useful?

A

No. Can’t distinguish between cause and effect.

51
Q

Low CSF serotonin levels are associated with what behavior?

A

impulsive agression

52
Q

Genetic factors can predispose:

A

mood instability
impulsive aggression
social inhibition

53
Q

What environmental factor can significantly associate with development of PDs?

A

parenting behaviors

54
Q

Treatments for Cluster A disorders

A

Antipsychotics and psychotherapy may have modest benefit although generally understudied

55
Q

Treatments for Cluster B disorders

A

Psychopharmacology:
Modest efficacy, especially mood stabilizers, antipsychotics.
Benzodiazepines may exacerbate condition
Co-occurring conditions (depression, anxiety, etc.) may also respond poorly to medications

56
Q

Psychotherapy is most effective for what PDs? Specifically what type of therapy?

A

Borderline, histrionic, narcissistic - RCTs show responsiveness to PSYCHODYNAMIC psychotherapy - although high remission rates after treatment

Dialectic behavioral therapy (type of CBT) is no better than psychodynamic therapy

antisocial PD is less amenable to psychotherapy treatment

57
Q

What is the only personality disorder for which parmacotherapy has shown significant benefit?

A

Avoidant personality disorder - benefit from both benzos and SSRIs

58
Q

T/F dependent and obsessive compulsive personality disorders can be effectively treated with medications

A

False

59
Q

T/F there is good evidence that Cluster C disorders are effectively treated with psychotherapy

A

True - both cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic approaches are helpful

MS 2 - Unit 3 (45 decks)

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