RS

Question 1

part of respiratory system and function

Answer 1

nasal cavity- contains structures like nose hairs and turbinates that purify inhaled air

oral cavity- inhaling air

pharynx- receiving air from the nasal cavity and air, food, and water from the oral cavity.

larynx- voicebox; protect the lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into the trachea while breathing

trachea- passage for air, moistens and warms it while it passes into the lungs, and protects the respiratory surface from an accumulation of foreign particles.

bronchial tubes- 2 smaller branches in the trachea, lets air in and out

bronchioles- tiny subdivisions of the bronchi, carry air to alveoli

alveoli- tiny sacs that help with gas exchange with capillaries

lungs- flexible membrane that allow for expansion and contraction

pleural membrane- to allow optimal expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing, is also a lubricant

Question 2

respiration vs breathing

Answer 2

breathing: mechanical process where air volume changes

respiration: biochemical process where o2 is introduced and co2 Is expelled.

Question 3

inhalation

Answer 3

Thoracic V increases with intercostal muscles and diaphragm and moves down, contraction of the muscles causes the rib cage to expand and raises the rib cage
Contraction of the diaphragm causes it to decrease and flatten

Question 4

exhalation

Answer 4

Relaxation of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm produces unforced exhalation
The diaphragm relaxes and moves out
External intercostals relax the ribs and volume decreases as pressure increases, letting air exit

Question 5

lung capacity

Answer 5

tidal volume: lung volume representing the normal volume of air that is displaced between normal inflation and exhalation when extra effort isn’t applied

reserve volume- forceful inhalation/exhalation

vital- forceful

measured by a spirometer-measures inhalation and exhalation volume

Question 6

purpose

Answer 6

uptake of O2, disposal of CO2 via cellular respiration where O2 is needed as the final electron acceptor in ATP production
gas exchange

Question 7

flow of air

Answer 7

mouth/nose-pharynx-larynx-trachea-bronchi-bronchiole-alveoli

Question 8

function of ciliated cells

Answer 8

Secrete mucous to trap foreign particles and propel them to be expelled

Question 9

what senses an increase in co2

Answer 9

medulla oblongata

Question 10

what senses a decrease is co2

Answer 10

chemoreceptors

Question 11

disease: infectious rhinitis, pneumonia, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, asthma

Answer 11

Infectious Rhinitis (cold)- viral

Pneumonia- Alveoli become inflamed and fill with liquid, gas exchange is impaired

Empheysema- alveolar walls break down and lose elasticity, SA decreases and breathing is hard

cystic fibrosis- causes the cell lining of the alveoli to secrete sticky and thicker mucus

Asthma- bronchi and bronchioles tighten and close to restrict air flow, puffer

Question 12

epiglottis and glottis

Answer 12

epilgottis: flap of skin for fluids, food and air

glottis: air way protection