DS Flashcards
what are the main organs of the digestive system (food actually passes through)
mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
what are the accessory organs of the digestive system
liver, pancreas, gallbladder (salivary glands, tongue, etc.)
enzymes and nutrients (4 macromolecules)
- large organic molecules (polymers made up of monomers)
- carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
CARB: small sugar molecule to large sugar molecule (monosaccharide, polysaccharide, etc. (saccharide=sugar unit)) glucose, deoxyribose, fructose, etc.
LIPID: not soluble in water, double in hydrophobic solvents, store the most energy (ex. fat, oil, waxes, etc.), insulates, etc.
saturated-good, unsaturated-bad
PROTEINS: amino acids bonded with peptide bonds, (hemoglobin, albumin (egg white)), movement, enzymes, storage, etc.
NUCLEIC ACIDS: DNA/RNA composed of nucleotides that are linked (thymine-only DNA, uracil-only RNA)
which enzyme is produced in salivary glands
amylase, breaks down starch into maltose
mechanical digestion vs chemical digestion process
Mechanical digestion involves physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles.
The role of chemical digestion is to further degrade the molecular structure of the ingested compounds by digestive enzymes into a form that is absorbable into the bloodstream
digestion in the mouth
teeth grind up and break down food, salivary glands secrete enzymes and saliva to break down composition of food, tongue rolls food into a bolus where it enters past the uvula into esophagus and peristalsis brings it down
digestion in the small intestine
makes digestive juice, which mixes with bile and pancreatic juice to complete the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
- The lining of the small intestinal mucosa is very highly specialized: is highly folded to form villi and microvilli which increase the surface area to help with absorption.
duodenum, jejenum, ileum
digestion in the stomach
An organ with strong muscular walls, allowing it to distend alongside its sphincters
the stomach holds the food and mixes it with acid and enzymes that continue to break the food down into a liquid or paste.– churns food becomes chyme
trace pathway of the digestive system
mouth-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine-rectum-anus
function of large intestine
absorption of nutrients, it’s broad, contains anaerobic bacteria to help it break food down
function of the large intestine
absorption of water and water-soluble vitamins
digestive disorders and diseases
ibs- inflammation in intestine (chrons and ulcerative colitis)
reflux- (GERD) occurs when stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus), can irritate esophagus lining
hepatitis- liver inflammation
cirrhosis- chronic liver disease
peptic ulcers- tissues become inflamed and bacteria attach to walls preventing the area from secreting protective mucous
