DNA REVIEW Flashcards
DNA
Deoxyribosenulceic acid
- cells that are formed’
- type of organism that is produced
- controls all the chemical changes
- present in the nucleus of all living organisms
Controlled/Is DNA
Each nucleotide is composed of:
- sugar=deoxyribose
- phosphate group PO4
- an organic base
What is deoxyribose?
Cylic molecule made up of 5 carbons and lacks an oxygen molecule
What are the organic bases
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Purines and Pyrimidnes
PURINE: DOUBLE RING NITROGEN BASE (ADENINE AND GUANINE)
PYRIMIDINE: SINGLE RING NITROGEN BASE (CYTOSINE AND THYMINE)
What is DNA composed of
double strand of nucleotides, where the sugar-phosphate chains are on the outside held together by chemical bonds between the bases
How do the bases pair up?
A-T (2 HYDROGEN BONDS)
G-C (3 HYDROGEN BONDS)
What are the paired strands coiled into a spiral called
a double helix
What is the process of DNA replication
- DNA strands unwind and separate
- each strand makes a new partner by adding the appropriate number of nucleotides=2 double stranded DNA molecules in the nucleus
- When the cell divides, each cell will have 1 double stranded DNA molecule in the nucleus that is identical DNA
What is the genetic code
A group of three bases (triplet) controls the production of a specific amino acid (BUILDING BLOCK OF PROTEIN) in the cytoplasm of the cell
- the varying amino acids and the order of which they’re joined determines the genetic code
Each triplet codes for ____
a specific amino acid
Function of DNA and proteins relative to enzymes
Proteins- build cell structures and enzymes
DNA- controls which enzymes are made and the enzymes determine which reactions take place
- structures and reactions in the cell determine what sort of cell it is and its function
- DNA exerts its control through the enzyme
What are genes
sequence of triplets in the DNA molecule may code for a complete protein, each sequence forms a gene,
