Kingdom Plantae Flashcards
roots function
system for absorbing dissolved nutrients and water, anchorage
stems function
structure used to support the body of a plant and store sugar
leaves function
the main photosynthetic region of the plant
LEAF CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTION
- site of photosynthesis
- waxy layer to prevent water loss
- stomata and guard cells allow gas exchange and prevent water loss
- ADAPTATIONS: develop pine needles for extreme temperatures, develop cactus spines for water loss, develop Venus flytrap to get more food
ROOTS CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTION
- important structure for nutrient absorption, anchoring, and water absorption
Root Cap: mass of cells at tip of root, protects root from mechanical damage, secretes a slimy substance (mucilage) to help roots grow in soil, ensures roots always grow downwards to help in gravitropism
Region of cell division
- region of cell division found under root cap where mitosis occurs letting the root grow (primary growth)
- regions of active cell division are found in the growing tips of roots and stems
-= apical meristems
Region of elongation
- region of elongation: where new cells are created in the apical meristems of the roots, they are small and rounded, they grow in size and lengthen, no cell differentiation
Region of maturation
- area where cells differentiate into specific types, final function is assigned ex. xylem (water) or phloem (food)
FUNCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOWERS
- purpose: sexual reproduction
- rely on pollinators, have evolved to have brightly coloured petals and appealing scents
- flowers that are pollinated by the wind don’t need to be as showy
PARTS OF A FLOWER
peduncle- flower stalk
receptacle- part of flower stalk where parts of flower are attached
sepal- outer part of the flower that enclose a developing bud
petal- part of flower that are brightly coloured oftentimes
stamen- pollen producing part of a flower, usually with a slender filament supporting the anther
anther- part of the stamen where pollen is produced
pistil- ovule producing part of a flower
* ovary supports a long style, topped by a stigma, mature ovary=fruit, mature ovule=seed
stigma- part of pistil where pollen germinates
ovary- enlarged basal portion of pistil where ovule is produced
fertilization in the flower
- male gametophytes/pollen grains are produced by anthers in meiosis (spore=2 haploid cells=one pollen grain)
-female gametophyte can form in ovule of flower’s ovary, four female spores produced in ovule via meiosis, one spore develops into female gametophyte=7 cells
When does pollination occur?
when a pollen grain lands on a stigma: one cell from pollen grain forms pollen tube, other cell forms 2 sperm that travel down tube
How are flowering plants fertilized?
- double fertilization, one sperm fertilizes one egg, other sperm+polar nuclei=endosperm that supply food to embryo
-ovule=seed, surrounding ovary=fruit
Fertilization occurs as a sperm cell in a pollen tube fuses with the egg cell of an ovule,
STEMS FUNCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS
- stems support plants, transport materials, and provide storage (grow underground), store water, house vascular systems
- some stems are herbaceous and conduct photosynthesis
- some stems can be woody and form protective bark
Primary growth vs secondary growth (stem)
primary= increases length
secondary= increases width
