Routes of Administration Flashcards
Benefits of tablets
convenient, accurate dosage.
Negatives of tablets
can’t be bitten, fluid needed alongside
Routes for capsules
sublingual and buccal
Difficulty with capsules
large, hard to swallow
Liquids must be
shaken well before use and mixed.
Peripheral Cannula is inserted
into peripheral vein in arms and legs
Central venous catheter
placed into large vein in neck, chest, groin.
Implanted port catheter known as
port-a-cath
Tunnelled catheter called a
Hickman line
For fluid replacement which IV fluid is used
Isotonic saline
Synthetic Colloids are used to
expand volume
Glucose and glucose salines provide
free water
Balanced crystalloid solution
improves replacement
Complications with IV therapy
infection, Phlebitis and tissue infiltration.
Intravenous fluid therapy used to
maintain and restore fluid and electrolyte balance
Intramuscular injections can be given where
deltoid, dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal
Powders require
re-constitution in a solution
Intradermal injection are done on the
inner lower arm with small amount of fluid
Subcutaneous injections are
just beneath the skin, site of injection rotated
Parental routes
intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous, intrathecal, epidural
Rectal route benefits
local or systemic, useful for vomiting patients.
Rectal route disadvantages
training needed, unpopular, not always suitable.
Transdermal benefits
long lasting, convenient, suitable for most
Transdermal disadvantages
absorption varies, adverse skin effects, must be lipid soluble and very potent
Inhilation benefits
local or systemic effect, rapid
Inhilation disadvantages
difficulty in reaching site of action
Topical administration benefits
convenient, minimal risk of overdose
Topical administration negatives
adverse skin effects
Bioavailability is
% of drug that makes it into drug stream
Oral administration benefits
well absorbed, convenient
Oral administration negatives
variable absorption, not appropriate for everyone, depends on stomach content.
Drug potency
more potent in smaller people, 1st time drug user, usual drug user.
Formulations of medicines
capsule, tablet, creams, powders, gels, solutions, syrups, gases, sprays, aerosols, lotions, implants.
Organ with greatest blood flow
Kidney
Water soluble drugs require
injections
Distribution is the
transfer of absorbed drug into and out of various tissues in the body from the bloodstream
Distribution affected by
lipid solubility of drug, blood flow and binding of drugs to proteins
Metabolism is the enzyme mediated conversion of
a lipid soluble compound into a more water soluble one
For excretion of drugs they must be metabolised and
converted to water soluble drug.
Free drugs can bind to proteins in the
plasma
What drugs diffuse across membranes to have an effect
free drugs
