Anti-Hypertensive Drugs, Blood Pressure & Blood Clotting Drugs

Question 1

Blood pressure equation

Answer 1

BP= TPR x CO

Question 2

What determines Cardiac Output

Answer 2

Venous return,blood volume, stroke volume, heart rate

Question 3

Hypertension value (constant)

Answer 3

140/90

Question 4

Ischaemic Heart Disease, Strokes, Peripheral Vascular Disease caused by high or low bp

Answer 4

High BP

Question 5

Causes of high BP

Answer 5

ethnic predisposition, genetic factors, low birth weight, environmental factors, drugs, kidney and cardiovascular disease.

Question 6

Initial treatment

Answer 6

lifestyle change

Question 7

baroreceptors in carotid sinus cause a response via the S.A node by sending information to

Answer 7

the medulla

Question 8

ACE Inhibitors end in…..

Answer 8

pril…..e.g, captopril, lisinopril

Question 9

Normally renin causes angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1 then ACE in lungs convert it to angiotensin 2 leading to

Answer 9

aldosterone secretion and vasoconstriction.

Question 10

If ACE is blocked

Answer 10

vasodilation occurs, bp lowers. TPR lowers.

Question 11

Side affects of ACE Inhibitors

Answer 11

hypotension, renal problems, dry cough, rash

Question 12

Renin-angiotensin systems responsible for

Answer 12

long term BP control

Question 13

Angiotensin receptor antagonists end in

Answer 13

artan….e.g- losartan, valsartan (less side effects than ACE Inhibitors)

Question 14

Beta blockers end in

Answer 14

olol….e.g- Atenolol, propranolol

Question 15

Beta blockers (B1) reduce

Answer 15

Cardiac Output & Renin release

Question 16

Atenolol

Answer 16

reduce vasoconstriction in sympathetic system

Question 17

Propranolol

Answer 17

reduce HR/ force, increase renal blood flow

Question 18

Side effects of Beta Blockers

Answer 18

lethargy, aching limbs, erectile dysfunction.

Question 19

Alpha Blockers block action of

Answer 19

adrenaline & N adrenaline causing vasodilation

Question 20

Alpha Blockers end in

Answer 20

osin….e.g- Doxazosin, Prazosin

Question 21

Thiazide like diuretics end in

Answer 21

ide….e.g- bendroflumethiazide, indapamide

Question 22

Effect of thiazide like diuretics

Answer 22

increase urine output, lower BP & blood volume

Question 23

Calcium Channel Blockers end in

Answer 23

pine…e.g- Nifredipine, nicardipine

Question 24

effect of CCB’s

Answer 24

raise HR, cause vasoconstriction

Question 25

Potassium sparing diuretics given alongside

Answer 25

Thiazide diuretics

Question 26

Loop diuretics used in which cases only

Answer 26

severe cases

Question 27

Heparin & warfarin are

Answer 27

anticoagulants

Question 28

Heparin + and -‘s

Answer 28

present in liver, increases rate of complex formation, risk of haemorrhage, can only be given IV or Subcutaneously.

Question 29

Heparin activates antithrombin which….

Answer 29

works against thrombin to form complexes with activated clotting factors

Question 30

Warfarin + and -‘s

Answer 30

oral, factors 2 (prothrombin), broader effect, slow onset, influenced by vitamin k and foods, risk of haemorrhage and must be strictly monitored.

Question 31

Rivaroxiban used with patients who have

Answer 31

warfarin resistance

Question 32

Aspirin is an

Answer 32

anti platelet drug

Question 33

Aspirin irreversibly blocks

Answer 33

COX enzyme which reduces TXA2 Synthesis and platelets cannot synthesis the new enzyme

Question 34

Anti platelet drugs increase…..

Answer 34

cAMP levels in platelets

Question 35

anti platelet drugs decrease….

Answer 35

glycoprotein 2b & 3a on platelets, reduces synthesis of TXA2 in platelets