Rosh 3 Flashcards
Although difficult to distinguish from opioid intoxication, clonidine more commonly causes _____________
hypotension and bradycardia
Naloxone may improve respiratory depression and mental status by an unknown mechanism in clonidine overdose.
_________ is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat anticholinergic overdoses
Physostigmine
Clonidine Toxicity
↓ Sympathetic outflow
first HTN → then hypotension, bradycardia
Pinpoint pupils
Charcoal (early), IVF
What is considered an appropriate tidal volume for lung-protective ventilation?
6 - 8 mL/kg predicted body weight.
Blast Injuries Classifications
1°: blast pressure wave → hollow organ injury
2°: projectiles from explosion
3°: blunt trauma from explosion
4: Burns, inhalation
Isolated, non-displaced sternal fractures are associated with _____ overall mortality rates.
Isolated, non-displaced sternal fractures are associated with low overall mortality rates.
Isoltaed sternal injury is fine
MI in patient with true aspirin allergy
The use of clopidogrel was shown in the CAPRIE trial to be a sufficient antiplatelet inhibitor when compared to aspirin. Therefore, in patients with true aspirin allergies, clopidogrel should be substituted for aspirin.
hich cardiac rhythm is associated with the lowest likelihood for return of spontaneous circulation?
Asystole, which generally represents an end-stage rhythm after prolonged cardiac arrest caused by VF or pulseless electrical activity (PEA).
The most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease is ____________
tetralogy of Fallot.
cxr: boot shaped heart
overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and a large ventricular septal defect (VSD)
toxoplasmosis rx
Treatment is pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, folinic acid
The mainstay of treatment for symptomatic hypercalcemia is
IV fluids, followed by adjunctive treatments like loop diuretics, calcitonin, and bisphosphonates.
Emergent hemodialysis is the indicated for patients with calcium > 18, neurologic symptoms, or those in whom patients which giving large volumes of fluid is problematic, such as individuals with congestive heart failure or renal failure.
What is the classic mnemonic for the symptoms of hypercalcemia?
Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones.
Patients with chronic alcohol use often have multiple electrolyte abnormalities including
hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia.
What is the classic triad for Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
Encephalopathy, oculomotor dysfunction, and gait ataxia.
What mean arterial pressure goal is recommended in neurogenic shock?
85 to 90 mm Hg.
