Rosh 25 Flashcards
Type I odontoid fracture
Type I odontoid fractures involve an avulsion fracture of the tip of the odontoid process
usually stable
Type II odontoid fracture
a fracture at the base of the dens, are considered unstable.
type III odontoid fractures,
where the fracture extends into the body of C2, are considered unstable.
A Jefferson fracture
occurs when an axial or vertical compression force is transmitted downward through the occipital condyles, producing a burst fracture which forces the lateral masses of C1 apart. A Jefferson fracture is considered unstable.
What is the toxic metabolite of ethylene glycol?
Oxalic acid.
Arterial bleeding that occurs from or around a tracheostomy site between __________ timeframe after an established tracheostomy should be considered to be from a tracheoinnominate artery fistula
three days and six weeks
Symptoms of lithium toxicity
bradycardia ataxia tremor hypothyroidism, eczema edema nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Ebstein's anomaly in pregnancy.
Anterior Cord Syndrome
loss of motor, pain and temperate sensation below the level of injury
preservation of proprioceptive and vibratory sensation.
Central Cord Syndrome
Most common incomplete spinal cord syndrome
Hyperextension injury
Bilateral motor/sensory deficits
Upper extremity > lower extremity
Bacterial Pneumonia
Klebsiella:
alcoholics, currant jelly sputum, bulging fissures
may be abcess forming if untreated
toddler’s fracture
isolated spiral fracture of the tibia or childhood accidental spiral tibial (CAST) fracture
very common, not abuse
Infant Intestinal Malrotation
Complaining of sudden onset of bilious vomiting
AXR: double bubble sign
Upper GI series: “corkscrew”- gold standard
Bacterial Pneumonia
H. influenzae:
COPD, gram-negative pleomorphic rods
