Rosenhan

Question 1

aim

Answer 1

aimed to investigate if staff within osychiatric wards at the time of the study would be able to tell between sane and insane people
to show that the DSM 11 was not a valid diagnostic manal
to see if treatment of pateints within psychiatric wards was good or bad
to see the effect of labelling on diagnosis

Question 2

sample point 1

Answer 2

highly generalisable: 12 hospitals east and west of the US 5 states range different institutions, some old some new some under fnded some well funded some under staff some well staffed. therefore findings based on whether nurses were able to tell between sane and insane is generalisable to a wider range of hospitals at the time of the study.

Question 3

sample point 2

Answer 3

low gen located in 5 states across US- ethnocentric cant be sure that findings- misdiagnosis of sane to insanw would occur in other states. countries cultures.

Question 4

procedure point 1

Answer 4

relaible. standerdised procedure- all pseudopatients made and appointment with their ward and reported that they had been hearing voices of the same sex saying ‘ hollow ‘ ‘ thud’ and ‘empty’ once aadmitted to the hospital would act as normal and when asked how they felt said they felft fine and were no longer experiencing symtoms. they took notes of behaviour of staff and other inmates such as how much eye contact the nurses made with them. can test for consistency of findings based on if nurses could detect sane from insane

Question 5

procedure point 2

Answer 5

although lacks reliability as not all pseudopatients followed the standerdised procedure such as one started a relationship with one of the nurses, another talked to other inmates about how he wanted to become a psychologist, another had their visitor as their psychology teacher another asked their wife to bring his collehe hwk revealing he was a psychologist, therefore making the study not replicable and potentially skewing data

Question 6

procedure 3

Answer 6

high internal validity as non of the staff within hospital were aware of the role of pseudopatients except from the chief psychologist therefore the behaviour of nuses and other staff is likely to be natural and free from demand charachterisrtics allowing conclusions to be formed based on staffs ability to detect sane from insane

Question 7

procedure 4

Answer 7

low validity, gathered lots of qualitative data highly subjective for example other inmates stated ; your not crazy. your a professor or a journalist. the fact that staff reported their note taking as a symptom of SZ, lack of privacy the idea they had to shower without doors the verbal abuse when they were woken up, psysicsal abuse to other inmates.therefore could be bias as pseudopatients may exaddurate the extent as they are aware of the aims of the study so may subconsiously alter what happened to comply with the aims. meaning that findings of the treattment within the hospital and staffs ability to tell sane from insane may not be entriely accurate

Question 8

procedure 5

Answer 8

although lots of quantitiative data was collected which increases validity, such as the pseudopaitenrs hospital stays ranged from 7 to 52 days, daily contact with psychiatrists ranged from 3.9 to 25.1 minuites mean 6,8
average time spent outside of cage =11.3%
2100 tablets taken
demonstrating the idea of the mistreatment of patients, reliance on medication at the time of the study and their lack of contact demonstarting hteir inability to tell sane from insane. cant be impacted by researcher bias

Question 9

ethics

Answer 9

low ethics
- pseudopatients- unaware of when they would be able to leave lack of withdrawal, verbally abused woken up in an agressive manner, little privacy,watched take tablets which coukd be harmful to them if they did take
- staff had no consent to participate along with other inamtes or righ ti withdraw
breaching ethical gudelines

Question 10

ethics

Answer 10

although pseudopatints signed up were aware of their role and what may occur rosenahan taught them hoe to avoid swalloing tablets and cost ben analysis can justfy 8 individuals short term suffeering as it allowed for useful conclusion about the - mistreatment of patients, lack of validity of DSM 11, and reliance on medication useful applications to improv,ents in treatments for future genratuons

Question 11

conclusion

Answer 11

• applications
  highlighted the need for better diagnostic manual and diagnostic procedures
• MH system needed to move away from medication and towards more individualised psychological treatment and increased contact and dbetter treatment of patients
• demonstrates the effect labelling has, the need for regular rediagnosis of patients
• 7/8 dissmissed with SZ in remission 1 was manic depression when were all sane
• 11/12 admittws pseudopatients with a diagnosis of SZ
• average time 19 days
  between 7-52 days
• in 3 cases writing behaviour seen as pathological behaviour by nurses
• in second study 41 patients were said to be s]pseudopatients by atleast 1 memebr of staff