culture effect on diagnosis Flashcards
definition of culture
culture refers to the set of beliefs, practices and values that characterise a group of people with differing between: religeon, culture, gender, families, country
scientific model- against
culture shouldnt impact diagnosis as a scientific model is used to diagnose indivisuals, mental disorders are sicnetifically defined explained in a scientific way
- lee used DSM- IV- TR in japan to see if diagnosis for ADHD was valid in korea - using a western diagnostic manual, found that it did correctly diagnose ADHD therefore culture doesnt effect diagnosis as it is objective model, scientifically defined
- lin, carried out cross cultral research for SZ and found that prevelance was similar across al; cultures, in regards to syptoms similarities outwighed the costs, only difference was outcome for patients thoes in more developed countries had more positive outcomes
spiritual model - supports culture does effect
this is the idea that some cultures view mental ilnesses differently to western culture, e.g. SZ, in eastern cultures hallucinations are seen as a positive experience and possession by spirits , ‘ gift’ whereas in west- SZ
this leads to issues in diagnosis as diagnosticians can be prone to bias when diagnosing not considering/ unwilling to recognise cultural differences
DSM= tool used in western cultures
culture can effect because diagnostians bias and dignose based on their culture
strength: luhrman found that in the USA hearing voices, - experiejnce- SZ whereas in india and ghanan + experience
communition - culture can differ dignosis
the way that cultures communicate their symptoms may lead to invalid diagnosis/ unreliable
e.g. in eastern cultures may describe symptoms ‘ i am heavy in my heart’ ‘ i have a black heart’
as well as how much they disclose, casas found that large propotion african americans didnt feel comfortable discussing their mental ilness/ personal info with people of another race, thus meaning different diagnosticans recieve different descriptions/ amountd of info - invalidities and lack reliability
sue and sue found asian americans dont like discussing their emotions, less likely to admit they have a mental health issue and if they do unlikely to talk in depth, lack of info - invalid diagnosis
prejudice of diagnosticians
its been found that minority groups recieve more diagnoses for mental ilness than the general population,
banyard found in the UK 25% of mental health hospital black individuals, but they only make up 5% of the UK population
this may be due to prejudice by diagnosticians leading to invalid/ unreliable diagnosis
DSM improvments and CBS
there are cultural factors in diagnosis of MH in terms of types of disorders in diff countries
previous editions of the DSM criticised for lack of attention to cultural/ ethnic varaiation
DSM-IV -TR aims to enhance cultural senstitivity by…
- including main body of manual, discussion of cultural/ ethnic factors for each disorder
appendix general framework for evaluating role of culture/ ethnicity
- describing CBS
CBS dont easily fit into catefories of ‘ universal disorders’ occur exclusively tp region/ culture- have local name
SHENJING SHAUIRUO NEURASTHENIA
https://www.howtopronounce.com/shenjing-shuairuo
- feel weak
- nervous
- depressed
- irritable
- headache
- cant remeber things clearly
therefore culture does impact
….although
tseng questioned whether this reflects a high prevelence of this disorder in china or whether its related to the diagnostic procedures in china, many of their sympyoms are similar to mood and anxiety disorders on DSM IV
fernando- in western psychology- most of these are variaent sof known syndrommes and arent new diagnosis
if want extra is on sheet more EV
conclusion
ICD and DSM attent to ehance cultural sensitivity- allowing updated/ revided manula sto obtain valid diagnosis
