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Recruit School > Ropes And Knots (BSM) > Flashcards

Ropes And Knots (BSM) Flashcards

1
Q

It is more important to be able to tie these standard knots automatically, while under stress of an emergency, than to ___

A

Know a greater number of knots and yet have failed to acquire skill in their use

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2
Q

Whether working with rope or knots in an emergency or training, ___ should be on the mind of all involved

A

Safety

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3
Q

SFD separates the use of ropes into two categories: ___

A
  1. Utility
  2. Life safety
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4
Q

A rope that is used for any function than that of life safety

A

Utility rope

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5
Q

Tie ropes, practice ropes, RIG ropes, roof ropes, and other ropes that are marked as such all ___

A

Fall under the umbrella of utility rope

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6
Q

Any rope used to support the weight of members or other persons during rescue, fire fighting, or other emergency operations, or during training evolutions

A

Life safety rope

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7
Q

Operations companies use ___ for all operations level rescues

A

1/2” static kernmantle life safety rope

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8
Q

Accessory cord used in life safety applications

A
  1. 8mm guide sling for the Load Releasing Hitch
  2. Prussik loops
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9
Q

8mm rope (accessory cord) breaking strength

A

3100 lbs

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10
Q

1/2” rope breaking strength

A

9000 lbs

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11
Q

Non-moving

A

Static

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12
Q

There is no such thing as a ___ rope system

A

Static

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13
Q

What describes rope better than static and dynamic?

A

Low-stretch and high-stretch

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14
Q

Operations life safety rope have a relatively ___ stretch ratio

A

Low

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15
Q

Stretch ratio of operations life safety ropes

A

Usually between 10 and 20 percent till failure

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16
Q

What makes the operations life safety ropes have a low stretch ratio?

A

Non-spiral constructed core bundle

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17
Q

___ elongation will occur with a working load (operations life safety ropes)

A

2 to 5 percent

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18
Q

Low stretch ropes are called ___

A

Static

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19
Q

Working load for operations life safety ropes

A

200 lbs

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20
Q

___ ropes have a relatively high stretch ratio

A

High stretch or dynamic ropes

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21
Q

Stretch ratio of dynamic rope

A

20 to 50 percent till failure

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22
Q

What gives dynamic rope its high stretch ratio?

A

Spiral constructed core bundle

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23
Q

Operations utility ropes are ___ stretch

A

“Dynamic” high

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24
Q

Rope safety rules

A
  1. Avoid walking or standing on the rope
  2. Do not drag the rope
  3. Do not leave a rope under tension for any extended period of time unless necessary
  4. Remove all knots as soon as possible
  5. If rope cleaning is needed, clean by rinsing with clean fresh water
  6. Hang dry wet rope before bagging
  7. Minimize exposure to UV radiation
  8. Nylon moving across nylon can melt through the stationary piece
  9. Pad sharp edges
  10. Avoid adding twists and kinks when bagging/coiling the ropes
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25
Q

Types of rope used

A
  1. 1/2” (low-stretch) static kernmantle rescue rope
  2. Accessory cord
  3. Utility rope
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26
Q

How many bags of life safety rope are carried by operations ladder companies?

A

3

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27
Q

Typically, most ladder companies will carry ___ life safety ropes

A

(1) 150’ and (2) 300’

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28
Q

A rescue load is considered to be ___

A

600 lbs

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29
Q

In order to meet NFPA certifications, life safety rescue rope has a ___ safety factor

A

15:1

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30
Q

Two accessory cords used

A
  1. Guide slings
  2. System Prussik Loops
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31
Q

Used primarily for tying a load releasing hitch, however can be used for any accessory rigging need

A

Guide slings

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32
Q

Guide sling size

A

25 to 30 foot

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33
Q

Short prusik loop size

A

57”

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34
Q

Long prusik loop size

A

71”

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35
Q

How are prusik loops tied (created)

A

Double overhand bend and are tightened down using a compound 9:1 pully system until 2” of tail remains protruding from the bend

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36
Q

Strength of 8mm material according to the manufacturer

A

3630 lbs

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37
Q

Utility rope is usually made of ___

A

Manila, nylon, or other synthetic materials

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38
Q

To achieve a functional breaking strength, the rope or other material is ___

A

Placed in the position of function and slow pulled to failure

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39
Q

The reason for slow pull testing of rope

A

Allows fibers to change alignment and move in relation to each other. Shock load testing occurs in less than .5 seconds and the fibers do not have time to realign

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40
Q

The energy generated by movement

A

Dynamic energy

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41
Q

A rope arresting a falling object, has energy transference that would be ___ of the rope

A

Dynamic tensioning of the rope

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42
Q

If a rope was attached to a falling object and used to arrest its fall, then the energy of the object would be ___

A

Transferred to the rope

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43
Q

The remaining strength in a rope that has been used for a period of time

A

Residual strength

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44
Q

As a rope is used, high load forces, abrasion, and other factors combine to ___

A

Reduce the strength of the rope

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45
Q

Factors that affect the residual strength of the rope

A

Arresting falls, corrosive chemicals, sunlight, abrasion, etc

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46
Q

Modern rescue ropes are capable of sustaining ___

A

Considerable damage without failure

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47
Q

Low stretch life safety ropes are marked ___

A

On each end with a number for inventory and the date the rope was placed into service. Each end is marked with either End A or End B. Mark the middle as recommended by the manufacturer

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48
Q

How to evenly distribute wear on life safety rope

A

Alternate the End A and End B after each use

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49
Q

Washington State Law requires members to record what the rope was ___ after every use

A

Used for

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50
Q

The rope’s history is one of the elements that will contribute to the decision of ___

A

When to retire a rope from service

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51
Q

What to note in the rope log

A
  1. Date
  2. Use
  3. Condition
  4. Which end and length used
  5. Recorder’s name
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52
Q

How to clean life safety rope

A

Wash with clean water, brushing the dirt off with a nylon brush and allow to air dry. Mild detergent may be used if needed

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53
Q

Questions regarding which detergent to use on life safety rope should be directed to ___

A

On duty personnel at Rescue 1 at Station 14

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54
Q

Max temp of water for cleaning life safety rope

A

110°F

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55
Q

The rope is dried ___

A

Away from direct sunlight in a hose tower or heated room

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56
Q

Before bagging the cleaned rope ___

A

Inspect the rope and record the washing in the rope log

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57
Q

In rope making the manufacturers add a ___ that leads to nylon degradation

A

Lubricating compound

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58
Q

The lubricant added to nylon rope is an aid in manufacturing, but leads to ___

A

Programmed obsolesce

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59
Q

Washington state mandates that life safety ropes be removed from service as a life safety rope after ___

A

6 years of service

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60
Q

Utility ropes are cared for based on ___

A

Material they are made from

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61
Q

Utility ropes do not have ___

A
  1. Either end marked
  2. Dedicated service life
  3. rope history log
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62
Q

Manila roof rope should never be put away ___

A

Wet

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63
Q

How to stow manila rope

A

Daisy chained

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64
Q

Nylon rope is usually stowed ___

A

Bagged

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65
Q

Webbing used

A
  1. 1” tubular webbing
  2. Pick-off straps
  3. Anchor straps
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66
Q

Primary material used for rigging anchors in operations

A

Webbing

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67
Q

Characteristics of webbing

A

Light, can be used for most rigging situations, and is strong

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68
Q

Since ___, the 1mm diameter of 1” tubular webbing makes this material an excellent choice in rigging for rescue

A

Tight radius bends cause larger diameter materials to lose strength

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69
Q

Diameter of 1” tubular webbing

A

1mm

70
Q

General purpose utility strap made of 1 3/4” flat webbing

A

Pick-off strap

71
Q

Pick-off strap rating

A
  1. Webbing at 10,000 lbs
  2. Buckle slips at 4500 lbs
72
Q

Uses for this strap range from clipping an attendant into the litter for high/low angle evacuations to an adjustable attachment point for the edge attendant

A

Pick-off strap

73
Q

The buckle could be ___, to achieve a strength closer to that of the webbing if needed (pick-off strap)

A

Tied off with a double overhand

74
Q

Using the pick-off strap for clipping an attendant into the litter for high/low angle evacuations

A

Clip doubled end to the load and obtain a 2:1 mechanical advantage

75
Q

2” high strength nylon straps

A

Anchor straps

76
Q

The anchor straps have link connection points at both ends to ___

A

Receive carabiners

77
Q

When the anchor strap is used in the basket U configuration as in operations, they are rated at ___

A

12,500 lbs

78
Q

The end of a rope that you will manipulate the most to actively tie a knot

A

Running end

79
Q

The end of the rope not being used in the knot you are tying

A

Bitter end

80
Q

The running end is also called the ___

A

Working end

81
Q

The bitter end is also called the ___

A

Standing end

82
Q

The opposite end to the running end

A

Bitter end

83
Q

Any rope that doubles back on itself without actually crossing over

A

Bight

84
Q

Created when a bight crosses itself

A

Loop

85
Q

An intertwined loop of rope, used to fasten two such ropes to one another or to another object

A

Knot

86
Q

A knot, even when not in use, will ___

A

Hold its shape or form

87
Q

Ways of fastening or tying ropes together

A

Bend or hitch

88
Q

Will not hold its form when not in use or wrapped around something

A

Bend or hitch

89
Q

Made by untwisting two rope ends and weaving them together

A

Splice

90
Q

Kernmantle rope construction

A

Balanced construction of continuous filament polyester cover braided over a unidirectional nylon core

91
Q

Kernmantle means literally ___

A

Core-sheath

92
Q

Kernmantle is designed to meet the rigorous requirements associated with ___

A

Rescue and rappelling operations

93
Q

Carabiners are central to ___

A

Rigging for rescue

94
Q

All carabiners should be loaded ___

A

Along the spine

95
Q

Along the spine

A

From end to end

96
Q

Squarish rescue carabiners tend to ___

A

Rotate the load on the opposite side of the spine causing incorrect loading

97
Q

Incorrect loading greatly reduces the carabiner’s strength by as much as ___

A

50%

98
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

99
Q

Locking “D” rescue carabiner breaking strength

A

9000 lbs

100
Q

The large gate opening on the locking “D” rescue carabiner allows it to ___

A

Fit over litter rails

101
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

102
Q

When using the locking “D” rescue carabiner, always ___

A
  1. Lock the gate
  2. Load along the spine
  3. Avoid rigging material more than two fingers wide or distributed from two different directions on the same end
103
Q

Three way loading can reduce the strength of a carabiner by as much as ___

A

47%

104
Q

Lock the gate of the carabiner for ___

A

Maximum strength

105
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

106
Q

Knots must be ___

A

Tied, dressed, and set

107
Q

Cleaned up so there are no twists, and the knot flows correctly with the tension on the correct strand

A

Dressed

108
Q

Tensioned to remove any slack in the knot

A

Set

109
Q

The criteria for knot selection

A
  1. Ability to tie
  2. Ability to inspect
  3. Ability to adjust
  4. Ability to untie
  5. Last is the strength of the knot
110
Q

Check your teammate’s knots with the ___ method to be sure they are ___

A
  1. Touch
  2. Dressed and set
111
Q

A tactile review of each element of a knot

A

Touch method

112
Q

If the component of the knot hasn’t been touched by the reviewer, then it hasn’t been ___

A

Checked

113
Q

The process of cleaning up the knot, bend, or hitch so that the rope flows smoothly through the many turns and bights

A

Dressing

114
Q

Refers to putting a strain on each leg of the knot

A

Setting the knot

115
Q

Relative strength of single kernmantle rope with no knot

A

100%

116
Q

Relative strength of single kernmantle rope with a figure 8

A

75-80%

117
Q

Relative strength of single kernmantle rope with a bowline

A

70-75%

118
Q

Relative strength of single kernmantle rope with a double overhand bend

A

65-70%

119
Q

Relative strength of single kernmantle rope with a ring bend

A

60-70%

120
Q

Relative strength of single kernmantle rope with a clove hitch

A

60-65%

121
Q

Relative strength of single kernmantle rope with an overhand knot

A

60-65%

122
Q

Relative strength of single kernmantle rope with two half hitches (tested over 16mm diameter ring)

A

60-70%

123
Q

Relative strength of single kernmantle rope with a square knot

A

43-70%

124
Q

Rope intertwined with itself

A

Knot

125
Q

A “U” shape in the rope

A

Bight

126
Q

Rope forming a loop and continuing on

A

Loop

127
Q

The end actively being tied

A

Running end

128
Q

Non-moving part of rope

A

Standing end

129
Q

Utility knot used in many applications where a quick non-slip attachment is required in non life safety applications

A

Round turn and two half hitches

130
Q

Bowline is used because of its ___

A

Adjustability, ease of inspection, and ability to be untied after being loaded

131
Q

The bowline must be backed-up by ___

A

A Yosemite finish or a double overhand

132
Q

The longtail bowline doesn’t require a ___

A

Backup knot

133
Q

Advantage of the Yosemite finish vs a double overhand

A

Easy and less bulky

134
Q

The tail in the bowline is rewoven through the knot until it surfaces in parallel with the standing end

A

Yosemite finish

135
Q

Use as an end knot to form a loop to connect the rope to an anchor or harness

A

Double figure eight

136
Q

The Double Figure 8 is one of two tie-in knots recommended for tie-in to a ___

A

Single person belay line

137
Q

Double figure 8 may be used to tie off the end of the running end of a rappel rope so that ___

A

The person is not able to slide off the end of the rope

138
Q

In-line figure 8 use

A

A mid-line attachment point that can be used for rescue systems and life safety or any place where a midline loop may be of use

139
Q

Preferred method of storing webbing

A

Chain stitch

140
Q

A hitch incorporates something within it to maintain ___

A

Shape

141
Q

Operations company members should only use the ___ prusik

A

Three-wrap

142
Q

The three wrap prusik hitch is for rescue loads up to ___

A

600 lbs

143
Q

Useful to quickly tie-off the end of a rope so it will not fall out of your reach, and still easily adjustable

A

Clove hitch

144
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

145
Q

Why is the clove hitch not used as a tie-off, or in place of an anchor knot

A
146
Q

Why is the clove hitch not used as a tie-off, or in place of an anchor knot?

A

It has been known to slip and untie

147
Q

The clove hitch is a good beginning for wrapping and ___

A

Frapping

148
Q

The square knot is actually a ___

A

Bend

149
Q

Used to tie two strands together, primarily for non life safety situations

A

Square bend

150
Q

Used to tie two webbing ends together to form a runner, tie a multipoint anchor together, etc

A

Overhand follow-through bend

151
Q

Tubular webbing is slippery, so leave a ___ of tail as a minimum for the overhand follow-through bend

A

A hand width or two inches

152
Q

Why is dressing and setting the overhand follow-through bend very important

A

The slippery material

153
Q

This bend is used to tie two ropes together, primarily for prusik loops. Can also be used to tie high/low stretch materials together

A

Double overhand bend

154
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

155
Q

The double overhand bend is preferred for use with ___

A
156
Q

The double overhand bend is preferred for use with ___ loads

A

Single person

157
Q

Because of the tight arcs within the double overhand bend, it is ___

A

Very difficult to untie once loaded

158
Q

If the double overhand bend is used for rescue loads, a ___ is recommended

A

Prusik bypass

159
Q

If you don’t use a prusik bypass with a double overhand bend if used for a rescue load, you may need to ___

A

Cut this bend out of the rope once it is set with a rescue load

160
Q

Used for joining two unequal sized diameter material together

A

Double becket bend

161
Q

One may wish to backup the double becket bend with ___

A

Double overhands on the two tails

162
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

163
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

164
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

165
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

166
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

167
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

168
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

169
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

170
Q

Preferred link in the rigging systems

A

Locking “D” rescue carabiner

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