Engine Evolutions (BSM) Flashcards
For dry hose lays, it may be necessary ___ to reach the poorly located hydrant, ___
- Remove enough hose from the engine
- Anchor it to another object near the street, and then proceed with the lay
When it can be done quickly, dry hose lays with difficult hydrant situations will have ___. This will assist ___
- The female end of the LDH, the hydrant wrenches and hydrant bag overhauled to the hydrant before the lay is made
- The directed company or member that will be making the connections and charging the line, by allowing them to follow the hose when they arrive and quickly locate the difficult hydrant
If the utility strap cannot be slipped over the top of the anchoring object for the LDH, the ___
Free end of the utility strap will be tied to the object using a round turn and two half hitches
If the utility strap is not long enough to be used for anchoring
More than one utility strap can be looped together
If the equipment and hose cannot be overhauled quickly to the hydrant, ___
Do not proceed with the lay until it is assured that sufficient hose has been provided to reach the hydrant from the street
If additional hose was removed, the hydrant wrenches and bag will be left ___
With the additional hose that was removed
The goal of engine company hose evolutions
Provide the most efficient methods of performing fire ground operations
Engine company hose evolutions will follow a ___
Department-wide standard
___ maintains the ability to alter these standard methods when necessary
The company officer
Primary function of the engine company
Stretching and operating hose lines
More lives are saved at fire operations by ___ than all other live-saving techniques
Proper positioning and operating of hose lines
The first hose line is placed ___
Between the fire and any persons endangered by it
Placing the first hose line between the fire and any persons endangered by it is often accomplished by ___
Stretching the line via the primary means of egress, usually the main entrance or stairway
The purpose of the first hose line
- Allow occupants to evacuate
- Allow members to proceed to the floors above the fire for search
- Confine and extinguish the fire
If it is determined that there is no life hazard in the building, the first line is positioned ___
Between the fire and the most severe exposure
The most severe exposure will likely be ___ in the case of an offensive fire attack or ___ in the event of a defensive fire attack
- Internal exposure (within the fire building)
- An adjacent building
Life-saving operations are placed ahead of firefighting when ___
Sufficient firefighters are not available to do both
When choosing to fight fire or conduct life-saving operations when both cannot be done, ___ is the key factor
Judgement
The best life-saving measure may be ___
A prompt attack on the fire
Immediate rescue attempts by the first arriving engine company without simultaneously stretching and positioning a hose line should be attempted ___
Only in extreme situations
The specific evolution and size of attack line to be utilized will depend on ___
- Location of fire
- Severity of fire
- Type of occupancy
- Type of construction
When estimating the length of the attack line, consider the distance from the ___
Engine or manifold to the entrance door
In some cases, ___ may be required to reach the entrance
Several lengths of hose
For upper floor fires, the distance from the ___ must also be considered
Entrance door to the stairway, in addition to the amount of hose required to advance up the stairs
Amount of hose typically needed to advance upstairs
One length per two floors for a standard return-type stairway
A minimum of ___ of hose should be allocated to the fire floor
One length
The distance of the lay must be ___ before the stretch begins
Appropriately estimated
To minimize the number of lengths of hose required and to provide rapid hose line positioning, consideration must be given to ___
- Stretching hose up the open well of a stairway
- Utilization of standpipe systems
- Hoisting a hose line with utility rope or drop bag via the exterior of the building
- Stretching hose up a fire escape
The charging of the line must be done in a ___
Safe area
The firefighter assigned to the nozzle position should never enter the immediate fire area without ___
Water
When to call for water at a private dwelling or other small building
Outside
When to call for water in a large building
In the stairwell on the floor below the fire, or in a remote smoke-free location protected from the fire area by fire doors
When to call for water for an exterior fire
A safe distance away (minimum 30 feet)
No matter which evolution the engine officer chooses to perform, hose lines will not be operated ___
In opposition to each other
Offensive and defensive attack methods will not be ___
Combined
Immediate notification must be given to the ___ when a situation is discovered that requires the positioning of an additional hose line, or if any line is discovered to be ineffective
Incident Commander
___ is likely to occur if the rules about hose lines are not followed
Injury to firefighters
When arriving first, the ___ may well have more influence on the outcome of a fire operation than any other member on the scene
Engine company officer
Sound decision-making skills from the first arriving engine company officer regarding ___ are extremely important
Incident strategy and tactics
The choices made by the first arriving engine company officer will dictate the ___ of fire attack
Mode and method
The impact that the FD operations will have on the incident will often be a direct result of these ___
Initial actions
The company officer must continually supervise the operation to ensure the evolution and individual assignments are ___
Completed safely and efficiently
The officer should be alert to direct and/or immediately correct any condition that may affect the ___
Safety, speed, or satisfactory completion of the evolution
The officer will decide where to position the engine once the ___ has been determined
Fire location
The decision where to position the engine is based on several factors, including ___
- Overall objectives
- Water source
- Fire conditions
- Type of evolution to be performed
Every effort must be made to have the hydrant to engine connection to be within ___
100’
If the initial engine company cannot position their engine within 100’ of a hydrant, the next engine should ___
Position their engine at the hydrant to supply the first engine
The engine officer must also allow for the placement of the ladder company for ___
Optimum use of the arial ladder
The final positioning of the engine company must not impede the ___
Incoming ladder companies from the fire building
The manner in which orders are given and assignments made will set the ___
Tone for the entire operation
Orders must be given clearly and concisely so that all members are ___
Aware of the evolution to be performed
What must be indicated when giving orders regarding hoses?
- Specific evolution and where the hose is to be stretched
- Length of the attack line if longer than what is standard
Primary responsibility of the engine company engine driver
Safe delivery of personnel to a reported fire or emergency, and to provide a continuous supply of water to the operating firefighting force
Drivers will maneuver and position the engine as directed by ___
The officer
If the engine will be used for pumping, the engine must be ___
Placed into pump gear before the driver exits the cab
The sequence for placing the engine into pump gear is called ___
The driver’s “in-cab procedure”
The driver’s “in-cab procedure”
- Set the parking brake
- Honk horn once
- Shift transmission into neutral
- Shift the PTO from road to pump
- Shift transmission into drive
- Check the speedometer for a change in reading
- Ensure the “OK to pump” light is illuminated
PTO
Power take-off
What is the driver signaling when honking the horn once after setting the parking brake?
Signal to crewmembers that the engine is completely stopped
Indicators that the pump is engaged
- Change in reading on the speedometer
- Audible change in RPMs
- “OK to Pump” light is illuminated
After the engine is in pump gear, ___
- Release the seat belt and exit the cab
- Immediately set the wheel blocks
- Provide water to attack lines
Drivers must also recognize the need for and initiate ___
Supply line operations
Upon completion of the primary supply, the driver will ___
Don SCBA to a stand-by position and act as a member of the firefighter standby rescue team, until a RIT team has been assigned
RIT
Rapid Intervention Team
Position traffic cones to protect ___
Personnel, the engine, and hose lines from approaching vehicles
After the traffic cones have been positioned, the driver will then obtain ___
A second water supply
Once a second supply has been established, ___
Refill any water already used from the engine’s booster tank. Ensure remaining equipment and hose loads are ready for use
When not arriving first, the engine company driver must remain aware of ___
Water supply needs of the engine companies already on scene
The position #3 firefighter will be seated ___
On the engine behind the officer
The position #4 firefighter will be seated ___
Behind the driver
The member riding in the #3 seat will act as the ___
Nozzle person
The member riding in the #4 seat will serve as ___
The backup person on the hose line with few exceptions
Standard evolutions dictate that each member exiting the rear crew cab will have SCBA ___
Donned in the stand-by position
The ___ will also be responsible to bring appropriate tools to the fire building
Position #4 firefighter
Most often the tools brought by the position #4 firefighter will be ___
A Halligan married to a HD Flathead axe
The irons
A Halligan married to a HD Flathead axe
After forcible entry has been accomplished, the position #4 firefighter will ___
Assist the firefighter assigned to the nozzle in advancing the line to the fire
While advancing, all members must watch carefully for ___
Changing conditions and for any victims as you advance into the fire building
Once the fire is under control, firefighters should begin ___
A primary search of the fire room and attempt to locate windows as they search
Establishing a ___ as soon as possible is a priority
Ventilation opening
When ventilation has been established and the primary search of the immediate fire area is complete, begin ___
Overhaul as necessary to locate any hidden fire
Primary search of the fire room, ventilation, and overhaul is typically accomplished by ___
Position #4 firefighter and/or the company officer
During search, ventilation, and overhaul, the position #3 firefighter will ___
Maintain control of the nozzle
The position #3 firefighter does not turn their back on the fire area until ___
Overhaul is complete and the fire is declared tapped
Until the fire is declared tapped, the firefighter assigned the nozzle is ___
Providing protection to all other members operating on or above the fire floor
Should a large body of hidden fire be discovered, or a flare up occurs, the nozzle firefighter must be in a position to ___
Operate the nozzle immediately
If the company officer is not present inside the fire building, the ___ will serve as ___
- Position #4 firefighter
- The “team B” leader
It is ___ responsibility to radio the completion of the tactical benchmarks to the IC as appropriate
Company officer’s or team B leader’s
All members will maintain contact with all others assigned to the team via ___ while operating in a hazardous atmosphere
Sight, sound (voice), or touch
Attack lines
- 1 3/4” pre-connect
- 2 1/2” attack line
- 2 1/2” pre-connect (2 1/2” blitz line
- Extended attack
The 1 3/4” pre-connect evolution will result in ___
The deployment of a 200’ 1 3/4” hose bundle that is already connected to the engine
The intention of the 1 3/4” preconnect
Use tank water to initiate the fire attack as quickly as possible
Officer role when deploying 1 3/4” pre-connect
- Direct the driver where to position the engine
- Give verbal directions to the crew designating the evolution to be performed, and the destination of the hose line
- Sling the SCBA to the stand-by position as a member of the firefighter stand-by rescue team or supervise and assist the company in fire suppression and rescue activities as outlined in the POG
Driver role when deploying the 1 3/4” pre-connect
- Position the engine as directed by the company officer
- Perform the in-cab procedure to place the engine into pump
- Exit the cab and place the wheel blocks
- Open the tank-to-pump valve and increase engine speed to between 800 - 1000 RPMs
- Prime the pump until the pressure gauge rises and a full stream of water is flowing out of the prime pump discharge
- Increase the throttle to bring the discharge pressure between 50 - 75 PSI
- When members on the attack line call for water, slowly open the pre-connect discharge valve
- Maintain 50 - 75 PSI while the hose is being filled by manipulating the throttle as needed
- When the hose is filled, increase the discharge pressure to the desired setting
To set your discharge PRV, you must ___
Turn the PRV operating handle counter-clockwise until the valve opens
PRV
Pressure relief valve
The discharge PRV is indicated as open when ___
- Engine RPMs begin to drop
- Indicated discharge pressure will drop
- PRV indicator light will illuminate
Once the discharge PRV is indicated as open ___
Turn the handle the other direction (clockwise) one-half turn
Continue adjusting the PRV until ___
Th discharge pressure returns to the desired setting and the PRV indicator light turns off. Establish a water supply
Position #3 firefighter role when deploying 1 3/4” pre-connect
- Shoulder-load the 1 3/4” pre-connected hose load and stretch the line to the location designated by the officer
- Coil or flake the hose as appropriate
- Call for water
- Cover with the SCBA
- Bleed the air from the charged hose line
- Assess the fire stream for an appropriate volume of water flow and check the fire stream for the appropriate pattern
- When joined by the back-up member, advance the attack line into a position to begin the fire attack
Position #4 firefighter role when deploying 1 3/4” pre-connect
- Procure the irons and meet the position #3 firefighter at the nozzle
- Provide forcible entry as required
- Cover with the SCBA
- Assist in advancing and operating the hose line
The 2 1/2” attack line evolution will result in ___
2 1/2” hose being deployed from the bulk bed for fire attack
Do not charge the attack line with a pressure greater than ___ until the ___
- 75 PSI
- Hose is full of water
Why should the attack line not be charged with a pressure greater than 75 PSI
Avoid damaging the inner lining of the hose
If more than 200’ of attack line will be needed to reach the objective, ___ (2 1/2”)
Members will work together to remove additional 2 1/2” hose from the engine as needed
The officer must indicate the length of the stretch to the company members if ___ (2 1/2”)
Longer than 200’ is desired
Officer role when deploying 2 1/2” attack line
- Direct the driver where to position the engine
- Give verbal directions to the crew designating the evolution to be performed, and the destination of the hose line
- Sling the SCBA to the stand-by position as a member of the firefighter standby rescue team or supervise and assist the company in fire suppression and rescue activities
Driver role when deploying 2 1/2” attack line
Same as 1 3/4” pre-connect except:
Go to the tailboard and break the 2 1/2” coupling that will reach the desired discharge port, and connect the 2 1/2” line to the appropriate discharge port
Position #3 firefighter role when deploying 2 1/2” attack line
- Shoulder-load the first length of 2 1/2” hose
- Step away from the tailboard until the next coupling clears the hose bed
- Pause when this occurs so the position #4 firefighter shoulder-loads the second 100’ section of hose
- Begin the stretch to the desired location once the position #4 firefighter is ready
- Coil or flake the hose as appropriate
- Call for water
- Cover with the SCBA
- Bleed air from the charged hose line
- Assess the fire stream for the appropriate volume of water flow and check the fire stream for the appropriate pattern
- Advance the attack line into a position to begin the fire attack
AVP
Air - bleeding it all out
Volume - flowing good water
Pressure/Pattern - appropriate nozzle reaction/right stream
Position #4 firefighter role when deploying 2 1/2” attack line
- Procure the irons and place them next to the tailboard
- Shoulder-load the second 100’ section of hose
- Once the shoulder-load is in place, drop some additional hose (1 or 2 flakes) near the tailboard so the desired discharge can be reached
- Pick up the irons and begin to stretch the line to the desired location (be sure the #3 firefighter does not stretch their hose until the #4 firefighter has stretched theirs completely off their shoulder first)
- Provide forcible entry as required
- Cover with the SCBA
- Assist in advancing and operating the hose line
2 1/2” pre-connect is called the ___
Blitz line
The 2 1/2” Blitz line evolution will result in ___
The deployment of a 200’ 2 1/2” hose bundle that is already connected to the engine
Position #3 firefighter role when deploying 2 1/2” pre-connect
- Shoulder-load the first 100’ section
- Step away from the tailboard until this section pulls clear of the hose bed
- When this occurs, grasp the bottom or middle bight in the second length of 2 1/2” hose with the left hand
- Pull the bight or bights until the second 100’ section is clear of the hose bed
- Stretch the line to the location designated (do not drop any portion of the first section until all of the second section has been stretched out)
- Coil or flake the hose as appropriate
- Call for water
- Cover with the SCBA
- Bleed air from the charged hose line, assess the fire stream for an appropriate volume of water flow, and check the fire stream for the appropriate pattern
- When joined by the back-up member, advance the attack line into a position to begin the fire attack
Position #4 firefighter when deploying the 2 1/2” pre-connect
- Procure the irons
- Assist the position #3 firefighter with stretching the second section of the blitz line as necessary
- Provide forcible entry as required
- Cover with the SCBA
- Assist in advancing and operating the hose line
Extended attack
200’ of 1 3/4” hose extended from 200’ of 2 1/2” hose
Best practice for setting up an extended attack
Use the 2 1/2” pre-connected blitz line and the apartment bundle
Using the blitz line for an extended attack will allow for ___
Foam use
If greater than 400’ of hose is needed to reach the objective, ___
The 2 1/2” bulk bed shall be used instead of the blitz line for the 2 1/2” hose
The maximum length of an extended attack should not exceed ___
700 feet
500 ft of 2 1/2” (the entire bulk bed) with the 200’ apartment bundle
Limiting the length of the lay will ensure ___
Manageable pump pressures and volume
Any change to the length of the extended attack must be ___
Verbalized via radio
Driver role when deploying an extended attack
- Position the engine as directed by the company officer
- Perform the in-cab procedures to place the engine into pump
- Exit the cab and place the wheel blocks
- Shoulder-load the first 100’ section of the 2 1/2” blitz line (may be accomplished by the officer if they are available)
- Step away from the tailboard until this section pulls clear of the hose bed
- Once this occurs, grasp the bottom or middle bight in the second length of 2 1/2” hose with the left hand
- Pull the bight or bights until the second 100’ section is clear of the hose bed
- Stretch the line to the location designated (do not drop any portion of the first section until all the second section has been stretched out)
- If all of the 2 1/2” will be used outside of the fire building, stretch the line all the way out. If a portion will be used inside, lay the remainder of the bundle on the ground near the entrance
- Remove the nozzle and return it to the engine
- Open the tank-to-pump valve
- Increase engine speed to 800 - 1000 RPMs
- Prime the pump until the pressure gauge rises and a full stream of water is flowing out the prime pump discharge
- Increase the throttle to bring the discharge pressure between 50 - 75 PSI
- Slowly open the appropriate discharge valve when the firefighters on the attack line call for water, maintaining 50 - 75 PSI until the hose is filled
- Increase the discharge pressure to the desired setting
- Set the PRV. Establish a water supply
For an extended attack, the nozzle must be removed from the 2 12” hose and replaced with the ___
2 1/2” to 1 1/2” bell reducer
Position #3 firefighter role when deploying the extended attack
- Shoulder-load the first section of the 1 3/4” apartment bundle
- Step clear of the tailboard
- Pause as the position #4 firefighter shoulder-loads the second section of hose
- Once the #4 firefighter is ready, proceed to the end of the stretched 2 1/2” hose
- Wait as the position #4 firefighter attaches the bell reducer to the 2 1/2” line
- Upon instruction from the #4 firefighter, advance to the location designated (do not allow any hose to flake from the #3 firefighters shoulder-load until the position #4 firefighter gives the order to “stretch”
- Coil or flake the hose as appropriate
- Request water
- Bleed the air from the charged hose line, assess the fire stream for an appropriate volume of water flow, and check the fire stream for the appropriate pattern
Position #4 firefighter role when deploying the extended attack
- Procure the irons and place them next to the tailboard
- Shoulder-load the second section of the 1 3/4” apartment bundle
- Pick up the irons and proceed to the end of the 2 1/2” line with the position #3 firefighter
- Place the irons and your section of the apartment bundle on the ground at the end of the 2 1/2” hose
- Untie the bundle and connect the bell reducer to the 2 1/2” line
- Begin the stretch of the 1 3/4” hose to the desired location
- Call for water
- If there are no obstacles, the position #3 firefighter may be able to simply grab the center bight of the bundle on the ground and complete the stretch themselves. If there are obstacles, the position #4 firefighter may need to re-shoulder-load the remainder of the 1 3/4” hose
- Assist in advancing and operating the hose line.
- Cover with the SCBA
Stretching for the extended attack if all 1 3/4” hose is to be used outside
- When position #4 firefighter is connecting the bell reducer, the position #3 firefighter stretches the 1 3/4” hose by themselves
- After connecting the bell reducer, position #4 firefighter meets the other member at the nozzle
Stretching for the extended attack if some of the 2 1/2” hose will be used inside the structure
- Upon reaching the end of the 2 1/2” bundle (left bundled by the driver), the position #3 and #4 firefighters each grab two or three bights of 2 1/2” hose with the left hand while retaining the apartment bundle (Position #3 should grasp the bights most near the male coupling as well as the coupling itself, while position #4 grabs the remaining bights)
- As both members advance, position #4 firefighter will drop off flakes of 2 1/2” hose first, and instruct the position #3 firefighter to “stretch the 2 1/2” when they drop their last flake
- Once all of the 2 1/2” is deployed, the position #4 firefighter will connect the bell reducer and the stretch will continue as normal
Best option when supplying an engine from a hydrant source
LDH
LDH is capable of delivering ___
A very high volume of water with little reduction in pressure due to friction loss
A single member can only be expected to overhaul LDH about ___ without assistance
150’
When it is not possible to utilize LDH for the water supply, and an additional company will be delayed, ___ may be used
2 1/2” hose
How to stretch supply hose a short distance
Grasp the hose just behind the coupling and run toward the hydrant. Always keep the coupling behind you as you go
How to stretch supply hose a long distance
- Face the hose bed and create a bight in the hose about 4’ from the coupling
- Place the bight over the right shoulder as you turn away from the engine, holding it with both hands, placing the coupling at the small of the back
- Lean forward and run towards the hydrant
At no time should the coupling be ___ while overhauling hose to the hydrant
Placed in front of the body
Never place your arm or shoulder ___ while overhauling hose
Through a loop in the hose
Hydrant bag contents
- Hydrant adapter
- Body loop
- Spanner wrench x2
- 2 1/2” to 4” increaser (typically kept attached to the hydrant gate)
- 2 1/2” double female
- OCD wrench
- Hydrant gate
LDH supply to the rear of the engine
- Shoulder-load the 15’ section tied with a body loop and overhaul the hose directly to the hydrant
- Proceed about 6’ past the hydrant
- Leave the female coupling at the hydrant and return to the engine
- Grasp the LDH where it comes down from the hose bed
- Turn and run out the hose at a slight angle until a coupling, that will reach the desired pump intake, drops to the ground
- Return to that coupling, break the connection, and place the female end of the unused hose under the tailboard
- Attach the male end of the LDH to the desired pump intake using a 4” double female
- Procure the hydrant bag and hydrant wrenches and return to the hydrant
- Remove the 4” engine port cap and a 2 1/2” port cap of the hydrant with a Corey wrench
- Attach the hydrant adapter to the engine port
- Attach the LDH to the hydrant adapter
- Attach the hydrant gate to the 2 1/2” port and ensure that the gate is in the closed position
- Step behind the hydrant and open it fully using the Galvin wrench
- Return to the engine’s pump panel, removing significant kinks along the way
- Close the tank-to-pump valve
- Reduce the throttle to return the discharge pressure back to the desired pressure
- If the PRV was properly set, it will likely not require any adjustment
- Upon completion of the primary supply, the driver will don their SCBA in a stand-by position and act as a member of the firefighter standby rescue team until the RIT is assigned
- Position traffic cones
- Driver obtains a second water supply
- Refill the engine’s booster tank by opening the tank fill valve
- Ensure remaining equipment and hose loads are ready for use
- Monitor the pump panel and the radio for further instructions
Why is the female end of the unused LDH placed under the tailboard?
To minimize tripping hazard
When connecting the LDH, if the soft suction hose is connected to the intake, ___
Remove it
If kinks in the LDH are present but it appears that sufficient water is entering the intake, ___
Disregard them at this time
LDH supply to the front of the engine
- If the nearest hydrant is in front of the engine and within 100’, grab the 15’ LDH bundle tied with a body loop and the bight of the 50’ section of LDH next to it
- Pull both 50’ section down to the ground, making sure the last coupling is completely out of the hose bed and positioned on the ground next to the tailboard
- Angle both sections of LDH to the side of the apparatus that the hydrant is on
- Proceed to the hydrant holding a bight of each 50’ section in each hand
- Towards the front of the apparatus, drop the bight of LDH in the left hand and continue to the hydrant holding the 15’ LDH bundle
- Continue the same as a hydrant behind the engine
A second supply line from a different hydrant is required when ___
- If supplying a 2 1/2” attack line
- If pumping 300 GPM or more
- While pumping at any multiple alarm fire
A redundant supply is highly recommended whenever ___ even if the required conditions don’t exist
At a working fire or other hazardous environment
Similar to the primary supply line, redundant supplies will utilize ___
The largest diameter hose available
Do not open the intake valve for the redundant supply until ___
That line has been connected to the hydrant and charged
If the intake is opened before the hydrant connection is made, ___
Water will abruptly backfill the hose making your connection to the hydrant impossible
If using the 2 1/2” as the second supply, ___
Remove the 2 1/2” to 4” increaser from the hydrant gate and connect the female end of the 2 1/2” hose to the hydrant gate
___ is always preferred for a second supply
LDH
Remove all kinks in the second supply line as ___
The hose is followed back to the engine from the hydrant
For a reverse lay, a large compliment of ___ must be ___. This task must be completed before ___. Because of this, it must be accomplished as ___
- Hose and equipment
- Removed from the engine at the fire scene
- The engine can proceed to the hydrant
- Quickly and efficiently as possible
When completing a reverse lay, the positional assignments regarding the removal of specific hose bundles are ___
Only recommendations
When removing hose bundles for a reverse lay, members should always ___ to remove the required hose compliment in the manner most ___
- Work together
- Efficient for the situation at hand
Removing and anchoring the tri-gate manifold
- Remove the tri-gate out of the manifold compartment by grasping the straps if provided, or the gate valve handles
- Foot either the tri-gate or a bight of LDH hose (if being overhauled a distance away from the street), in a location where you are visible to the driver in the rear view mirror
- The person designated, usually the officer, kneels behind the tri-gate, hangs onto the straps or gate valve handles, braces one foot against the tri-gate, and sends the engine to the hydrant (member footing the tri-gate or LDH should be positioned on the fire side, in a position clearly visible to the driver in the mirror)
- When all equipment that is needed and the tri-gate or LDH is properly footed, the command “Go ahead” is made both verbally and visually
- Do not release the straps, or remove hands from the handles until the engine is at least 150’ away from the tri-gate
- Check to ensure the valves on the tri-gate are closed
Why should the member not be between the LDH hose and/or tri-gate while the engine is moving
If the LDH lay snags a coupling while the lay is being performed, it may abruptly move the tri-gated wye and/or hose
The 2 1/2” manifold evolution will result in ___
Members removing 200’ of 2 1/2” attack line, the tri-gate with LDH attached, and appropriate tools from the engine at the fire location. The engine will then perform a reverse lay to the hydrant
Officer role during the 2 1/2” manifold evolution
- Direct the driver where to position the engine
- Give verbal directions to the crew designating the evolution to be performed and the destination of the hose line
- Remove the officer’s SCBA and appropriate tools from the engine and place these items on the ground
- Remove the tri-gated wye, with LDH attached, and position it between the unloaded hose and the engine
- Ensure that all required hose and equipment for the evolution has been removed from the engine
- Kneel at the tri-gate and send the engine to the hydrant by pointing forward while shouting “Go ahead”
- Foot the tri-gate until the engine is at least 150’ away (the removal and footing of the tri-gate may be assigned to the position #4 firefighter)
- When safe to do so, attach the 2 1/2” hose to the tri-gate
- Sling the SCBA to the standby position as a member of the firefighter standby rescue team
- Open the appropriate valve of the tri-gate at the call for water
- Supervise and assist the company in fire suppression and rescue activities
Position #3 firefighter role during the 2 1/2” manifold evolution
- Remove the first section of 2 1/2” hose from the bulk bed
- Place the bundle on the ground and to the fire side of the engine
- Assist the other members in removing the appropriate hose and equipment as necessary
- Allow any hose to flake from the shoulder-load until position #4 gives the order to “stretch”
Position #4 firefighter role during the 2 1/2” manifold evolution
- Remove the second section of 2 1/2” hose from the bed and place it on the ground next to the nozzle bundle (the nozzle bundle should be positioned closest to the fire
- If the officer is unavailable, remove the tri-gate and position it between the unleaded 2 1/2” bundles and the engine
- Foot the tri-gate and ensure that all required hose and equipment has been removed from the engine
- When directed by the officer, signal the driver to proceed to the hydrant, by pointing and shouting “Go ahead)
- When safe to do so, connect the 2 1/2” female coupling to the tri-gated wye
- Shoulder-load the second section of the 2 1/2” hose and pick up the irons
- Begin to stretch the hose to the location indicated
- As you throw the last flake of hose from the shoulder, instruct the position #3 firefighter to “stretch”
- Provide forcible entry as required
- Cover with the SCBA
- Assist in advancing and operating the hose line
If the officer is unable to foot the tri-gate or LDH, ___
The position #4 firefighter will have sole responsibility of ensuring that all required hose and equipment has been removed, and will direct the driver to proceed to the hydrant without instructions from the officer
2 1/2” manifold when more than 200’ of attack line is required
- Members work together to remove sufficient 2 1/2” hose from the bulk bed before the engine proceeds to the hydrant
- Before removing the final section of 2 1/2” hose from the bed, break the appropriate coupling
- All of the hose should be placed on the fire side of the engine, and in sequential order, the nozzle section being the closest to the fire
The monitor manifold evolution will begin with ___
200’ of 2 1/2
hose, 200’ of 1 3/4” hose, the tri-gate with LDH attached, a portable monitor appliance with base, and appropriate tools being removed from the engine at the fire location. The engine will then perform a reverse lay to the hydrant
If the monitor will be put into operation in a location away from where the engine was able to stop, ___
Ensure sufficient LDH is removed from the engine prior to the reverse lay begins
Officer role when conducting monitor manifold evolution
- Direct the driver where to position the engine
- Give verbal directions to the crew designating the evolution to be performed, and the destination of the hose line
- Remove the officer’s SCBA and appropriate tools from the engine and place these items on the ground
- Receive the monitor and the monitor base from the position #3 firefighter if these items are kept in a compartment on top of the engine
- Attach the monitor to the base and position it at the desired place of operation
- Remove the tri-gated wye, with LDH attached, and position it between the unleaded hose and the engine
- Ensure that all required hose and equipment for the evolution has been removed from the engine
- Kneel at the tri-gate and send the engine to the hydrant
- Foot the tri-gate until the engine is at least 150’ away (removal of the tri-gate and its footing may be assigned to the position #4 firefighter)
- Ensure all tri-gate valves are closed
- Sling the SCBA to the standby position
- Communicate to the driver which monitor tip is in use so the driver can correctly account for friction loss in the hose lay
- Direct the monitor operation
Driver role when conducting monitor manifold evolution
- Position the engine where the officer instructs
- Honk the engine’s horn once
- Set the parking brake
- Exit the engine and set the wheel blocks
- Remove both sections of the 1 3/4” apartment bundle and place them to the non-fire side of the engine. The nozzle should be nearest the fire
- Remove the wheel blocks and return to the driver’s seat
- Prepare to initiate the reverse lay upon receiving direction from the officer or position #4 firefighter
- Once at the hydrant, spot the engine to perform a reverse pump hook-up using the soft suction
If the apartment bundle is properly tied, it is possible to remove the entire bundle like a ___. If this does not seem possible, ___ (Driver role when conducting monitor manifold evolution)
- Pre-connect
- Remove one section at a time, attempting to keep the individual bundles intact
Position #3 firefighter role when conducting monitor manifold evolution
- Procure the monitor and its base from the engine
- Pass the monitor and its base to the officer or position #4 firefighter
- Assist the #4 firefighter in removing 2 1/2” hose from the bulk bed or removing the apartment bundle as needed
- When all hose and equipment has been removed from the engine, break the 200’ of 2 1/2” hose into two sections
- Hand the female couplings off to the position #4 firefighter at the tri-gate
- With a male coupling in each hand, simultaneously stretch the 2 1/2” hose lines about 50’ beyond the monitor (One hose on each side of the appliance)
- With the couplings still in hand, turn to face the monitor
- Proceed back to a point about 20’ behind the monitor
- Turn again towards the monitor, while still holding each coupling, and connect each of the 2 1/2” lines to the monitor
- Spread out the 2 1/2” lines into position for monitor operation
- Secure the monitor’s anchor chain to the 2 1/2” hose lines at the point where they cross in front of the monitor
- Tie a body loop around the 2 1/2” hose lines at the point where they cross behind the monitor
Position #4 firefighter role when conducting monitor manifold evolution
- Procure the irons and place them on the ground on the fire side of the engine
- Remove the first section of 2 1/2” hose from the bulk bed and place it on the fire side of the engine
- Break the 2 1/2” at the 200’ mark and remove the second section, placing it on the ground next to the first
- If not yet done by the officer, remove the tri-gate and position it between the unloaded hose and the engine
- If directed by the officer, foot the tri-gate and signal the driver to proceed to the hydrant
- When safe to do so, connect both 2 1/2” female couplings to the tri-gate
- Once the position #3 firefighter has completely positioned the 2 1/2” hose, assist the position #3 firefighter in securing the monitor for safe operation
- Select proper tip size as directed by the officer
- Open the appropriate tri-gate valves at the call for water
- Direct the operation of the monitor if the officer is not present
Driver role with a reverse pump hook-up using the soft suction
- Position the engine at the fire location as directed by the officer
- Honk the horn once
- Remain seated in the engine while all other members remove necessary hose and equipment
- Watch for the signal to proceed to the hydrant
- When signaled, drive to the hydrant making the reverse lay
- After positioned properly, perform the in-cab pump procedures
- Exit the cab and set the wheel chocks
- Grasp the LDH where it comes down from the hose bed
- Overhaul the hose at a slight angle until the next coupling drops to the ground
- Break that coupling connection
- Place the female end under the tailboard
- Connect the male end of the LDH to the 4” rear discharge port
- Deploy the soft suction hose and connect to the side intake
- Open the intake valve fully
- Proceed to the hydrant with the hydrant bag, hydrant wrenches, and the hydrant coupling of the soft suction hose
- Remove the engine port and a 2 1/2” port (away from the fire) using the Corey wrench
- Attach the soft suction hose and a hydrant gate
- Ensure the gate is closed
- Step behind the hydrant and open it fully using the Galvin wrench
- Return to the engine’s pump panel, removing any significant kinks on the way
- Using the throttle, increase the discharge pressure until the desired operating pressure is reached.
- Set the PRV
- Position traffic cones and remove any remaining kinks
- Obtain a second water supply
- Ensure remaining equipment and hose loads are ready for use
- Monitor the pump panel and the radio for further instructions
If two members are available for the reverse pump hook-up using the soft suction ___
Same for the driver alone, except that a hydrant member (driver of the second-in engine or another assigned member) removes the hydrant wrenches and hydrant bag and makes the soft suction connection to the hydrant. After the hydrant is opened, assist the driver, don an SCBA, and follow the lines to the fire operation, removing kinks, and report to the officer
How to obtain a second supply for a reverse pump hook-up
- Move to the rear of the engine and remove the female coupling of the LDH from under the tailboard
- Overhaul the LDH to the rear of the engine until the next coupling drops to the ground
- Proceed to the hydrant with the female coupling
- Leave the female coupling at the hydrant and return to the tailboard
- Break the LDH coupling and place the female end under the tailboard
- Connect the male end of the LDH to the unused side pump intake using a 4” double female (do not open the intake valve until the hydrant connection is made)
- Return to the hydrant and attach the female end of the LDH to the hydrant gate
- Open the gate fully
- Move back to the pump panel, removing all kinks
- Open the intake valve fully
Supply options for a reverse pump hook-up
- Using LDH instead of the soft suction (preferred)
- Extending the soft suction using the LDH
When positioning the engine at the hydrant, consider which ___
Soft suction intake will be utilized and the length of the soft suction hose
Standard soft suction length
24’
Position the intake as follows ___
- Not less than 1/3 the length of the suction hose laterally
- Not more than 2/3 forward (or short) of the hydrant
If soft suction hose will not reach the hydrant when attempting to make a reverse pump hook-up, ___
LDH should be utilized in its place
Extending the soft suction using LDH
- Stretch the LDH supply line from the engine to the hydrant
- Break the LDH from the bed and connect it directly to the soft suction after opening the keystone, using a soft suction adapter (red dot)
- Using the hydrant adapter, connect the LDH supply line to the engine port on the hydrant
- Open the hydrant
Refers to the engine stopping at the water source to drop off a supply line and then advancing to the location of the fire
Forward lay
Forward hose lays may be made ___
Dry or wet
When a forward lay is performed wet, the hydrant person ___
Stays at the hydrant, makes up the hydrant connection, charges the line, and then proceeds, on foot, to the fire
When a forward lay is performed dry, all members will ___
Remove the appropriate equipment from the engine, secure the hose to the hydrant, and then get back onto the engine and proceed to the fire location as a crew of four
Who will make the hydrant connection and charge the supply line when performing a dry forward lay?
Another member or company
In most circumstances with a dry forward lay, a second engine should ___
Connect to the hydrant, using a soft suction reverse pump hook-up, and pump into the LDH line laid forward (dry) to increase the pressure received by the engine that is pumping at the fire
A forward lay is not advised to proceed wet if the engine will be more than ___
100’ of the hydrant
___ will significantly reduce the incoming pump pressure at the pumping engine in a wet forward lay more than 100’ of the hydrant
Friction loss and/or elevation gain
Desired location to stop with a forward lay
Tailboard 10’ past the hydrant or engine
The order “Forward Lay with LDH-Dry” will indicate that the position #4 firefighter will ___
Not remain at the hydrant to make connections while the engine performs the forward lay
Officer role during a forward lay with LDH (dry)
- Direct the driver to position the engine near the hydrant for a forward lay
- Give verbal directions to the crew “Forward Lay with LDH-Dry”
- Remain seated until the forward lay is completed
- At the fire scene, don the SCBA
- Supervise and assist the company in fire suppression and rescue activities
Driver role during a forward lay with LDH (dry)
- Position the engine so that the tailboard is about 10’ past the hydrant
- When stopped, honk the horn once
- Once the position #3 and #4 firefighters have returned to the cab and are seated, begin the forward lay
- Position the engine as directed by the officer at the fire scene
- Perform in-cab procedures
- Exit the cab and place the wheel blocks
- Procure a hose clamp and place it on the LDH leading from the engine to the hydrant
- Return to the engine and begin the procedures to charge the attack line
- Move to the tailboard and grasp the LDH where it comes down from the hose bed
- Turn and run out the hose at a slight angle until the next coupling that will reach the pump falls to the ground
- Return to the coupling, break the connection, and place the female end under the tailboard
- Connect the male end to the desired pump intake using a 4” double female
- Open the intake valve
- Return to the hose clamp and open the clamp (first one or two turns rapid, then continue opening slowly to prevent water hammer) (if the hydrant is still closed, it can simply be removed)
- Remove the clamp and return it to the engine
- Return to the pump panel, removing any significant kinks
- Close the tank-to-pump valve
- Reduce the throttle to return discharge pressure to the desired operating pressure
- Don SCBA to a standby position and act as a member of the firefighter standby rescue team
- Position traffic cones and remove all kinks
- If necessary, recommend to the IC that a second supply be laid by another engine company
- Refill the booster tank
- Ensure remaining equipment and hose loads are ready for use
- Monitor the pump panel and the radio for further instructions
Position #3 firefighter role with a forward lay with LDH (dry)
- Exit the cab and procure the hydrant bag and hydrant wrenches
- Place these items near the hydrant
- Return to the engine
- Remain seated during forward lay
- Once at the fire location, carry out instruction of the officer
Position #4 firefighter role with a forward lay with LDH (dry)
- Exit the engine and proceed to the tailboard
- Disconnect the LDH from the tri-gate
- Overhaul the hose to a point about 6’ past the hydrant
- Bring the female coupling back towards the engine to for a 6’ bight even with the barrel of the hydrant
- Using a body loop, tie a hose knot around the bight in the hose
- Place the remainder of the body loop over the hydrant to encircle the hydrant and rest at its base
- Return to the engine
- Remain seated while the engine makes the forward lay
- Once at the fire location, carry out the instructions of the officer
A later arriving company will be directed to ___ in the forward lay - dry evolution
Make the hydrant connections
In a forward lay - dry evolution, no hydrant connections are made by the ___
Members of the first due company
Officer role with a forward lay with LDH (wet)
- Direct the driver to position the engine near the hydrant for a forward lay
- Give verbal directions to the crew “Forward Lay - Wet”
- Remain seated until the forward lay is completed
- At the fire scene, don the SCBA
- Supervise and assist the company in fire suppression and rescue activities
Driver role with a forward lay with LDH (wet)
Same as with a forward lay with LDH (dry)
The hose clamp on LDH must be placed ___
A minimum of 20’ from the tailboard, and not less than 3’ from any coupling
Position #3 firefighter role with a forward lay with LDH (wet)
Same as with a forward lay with LDH (dry)
Position #4 firefighter role with a forward lay with LDH (wet)
- Same as a dry lay, until the LDH is secured to the hydrant
- Stand behind the hydrant, establish positive visual contact with the driver
- Signal the driver to “go ahead”
- Make the hydrant connections by attaching the LDH to the steamer port using a hydrant adaptor, and a hydrant gate on a 2 1/2” port
- Once you are certain the driver has come to a stop and a hose gate has been placed, open the hydrant fully (use a radio if vision is obstructed)
- Return to the engine removing kinks
- If the other members have not yet entered the fire building, procure the appropriate tools and assist in stretching the attack line. If the members have entered the building, assist the driver as necessary, then report to the IC
Alternate method to secure the LDH to the hydrant
Wrap the hose around the hydrant and step on the LDH where the hose crosses itself
Be certain that no part of the body is ___ when the LDH is secured to the hydrant
Between the LDH and the hydrant
The use of the body loop allows the hydrant connections to be ___
Started before the engine has stopped at the fire
The body loop on the LDH must not be removed until the engine has ___
Stopped at the fire
Ensure that the body loop is removed from the hydrant before ___
The line is charged
What will happen if the LDH is charged while the body strap is still connected to the hydrant?
A severe kink
The blind alley lay is a ___
Split lay that is accomplished with two engine companies
This lay may be utilized when a forward lay is required down an alley, private drive, or other limited access road
Blind alley lay
Engine roles in a blind alley lay
1st Engine:
1. Drop the tri-gate at the entrance of the alley, private drive, or other limited access road
2. Perform first half of the split lay (LDH secured to a substantial object with a body loop so that a member is not required to foot the tri-gate)
3. Once at the fire location, an attack line will be stretched and fire suppression activities will begin with tank water
4. Driver places a hose clamp on the LDH immediately after setting wheel blocks
5. After the designated attack line has been charged, the LDH is broken and connected to the pump intake and the intake valve is opened
2nd Engine:
1. Basically perform a reverse lay evolution from the location of the tri-gate
Officer (1st engine) role with a blind alley lay
- Upon determining that the fire is in a location away from the main roadway and that a narrow alley or access road must be used, direct the driver to position the engine at the beginning of the alley
- Give verbal directions to the crew “Blind Alley Lay - Dry”
- Remain seated until the Blind alley lay is completed
- At the fire scene, indicate to the position #3 and #4 firefighters the fire attack to perform
- Don the SCBA
- Supervise and assist the company in fire suppression and rescue activities
Driver (1st engine) role for a blind alley lay
- Stop the engine as directed by the officer
- Sound a single horn honk
- Remain in the cab and wait for the #4 firefighter to return to the engine
- Once the #4 firefighter is secured, continue to the fire location
- Position the engine as directed by the officer at the fire scene
- Perform in-cab procedures
- Exit the cab and place the wheel blocks
- Procure a hose clamp and immediately place it on the LDH leading from the engine
- Return to the engine and charge the attack line
- Move to the tailboard and grasp the LDH where it comes down from the hose bed
- Turn and run out the hose at a slight angle until the next coupling that will reach the desired pump intake drops to the ground
- Break the coupling connection and place the female end under the tailboard
- Connect the male end to the desired pump intake using a 4” double female
- Open the intake valve
- Return to the hose clamp and open the clamp
- Remove the clamp and return it to the engine
- Remove significant kinks and return to the pump panel
- Close the tank-to-pump valve
- Reduce the throttle to return the discharge pressure to the desired operating pressure
- Don SCBA to a standby position and act as a member of the firefighter standby rescue team
- Position traffic cones
- If necessary, recommend to the IC that a second supply line be laid by another engine company
- Refill the booster tank
- Ensure remaining equipment and hose loads are ready to use
- Monitor the pump panel and the radio for further instructions
How to open hose clamp on LDH
First one or two turns rapid, continue to open with slow turns
Position #3 firefighter (1st engine) role for a blind alley lay
Remain on the engine until at the fire location, and then carry out the instructions of the officer
Position #4 firefighter (1st engine) role for a blind alley lay
- Exit the engine
- Remove the tri-gate with LDH attached and lay in the driveway, alley, or narrow roadway
- If possible, secure the LDH to a substantial object with a body loop
- Return to the engine
- Remain seated during the forward lay
- Once at the fire location, carry out the instructions of the officer
Officer (2nd engine) role for a blind alley lay
- Direct the driver to a location near the dropped tri-gate of the initial engine
- Consider sending position #3 firefighter with the driver to facilitate a more rapid water supply connection
- Instruct the crew to “Finish the blind alley lay”
- Exit the cab
- Remove the officer’s SCBA and appropriate tools from the engine and place these items on the ground
- Ensure the amount of LDH hose removed from the 2nd engine is enough to make the connection to the initial engine’s LDH hose lay
- Direct the position #4 firefighter to send the engine to the hydrant
Driver (2nd engine) role for a blind alley lay
- Position the engine as directed by the officer
- Sound a single horn honk
- Remain in the cab and look for the signal to proceed from the position #4 firefighter
- When signaled to do so, perform the reverse lay to the nearest hydrant
- Position the engine at the hydrant for a reverse pump hook-up using the soft suction
- Perform in-cab procedures
- Exit the cab and place the wheel blocks
- Conduct a reverse pump hook-up using the soft suction
Position #3 firefighter (2nd engine) role for a blind alley lay
Follow directions of the officer. If directed to the hydrant with the driver, remain in the cab while the engine makes the first stop, then proceed to the hydrant with the driver and assist with the reverse pump hook-up
Position #4 firefighter (2nd engine) role for a blind alley lay
- Exit the cab
- Procure a 4” double male and the tri-gate, with LDH attached
- Foot the tri-gate and an additional amount of LDH to ensure that both lengths of LDH can be connected
- On the officer’s command, signal the driver to proceed to the hydrant, by pointing and shouting “Go ahead”
- Connect the hose together using the 4” double male
- Report to the officer for further assignment
The final result of the blind alley lay will be ___
The second engine pumping to the first as a relay pumping evolution
