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Recruit School > Ground Ladders (IFSTA) > Flashcards

Ground Ladders (IFSTA) Flashcards

1
Q

Main structural member of a ladder supporting the rungs or rung blocks

A

Beam

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2
Q

Lowest and widest section of an extension ladder; while the ladder is being raised or lowered, this section always maintains contact with the ground or other supporting surface

A

Bed section

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3
Q

The bed section is also called ___

A

Base section or main section

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4
Q

Bottom end of the ladder; the end that is placed on the ground or other supporting surface when the ladder is positioned

A

Butt

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5
Q

Bottom end of the ladder; the end that is placed on the ground or other supporting surface when the ladder is positioned

A
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6
Q

The butt is also called ___

A

Heel or base

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7
Q

Metal plates, spikes, or cleats attached to the butt end of ground ladder beams to prevent slippage

A

Butt spurs

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8
Q

Upper sections of extension or some combination ladders; the section that moves

A

Fly section

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9
Q

Swivel plates attached to the butt of the ladder; usually have rubber or neoprene bottom surfaces

A

Footpads

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10
Q

Footpads are also called ___

A

Shoes

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11
Q

Wood or metal strips, sometimes in the form of slots or channels, on an extension ladder that guide the fly section while being raised

A

Guides

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12
Q

Rope or cable used for hoisting and lowering the fly sections of an extension ladder

A

Halyard

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13
Q

Halyard is also called ___

A

Fly rope

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14
Q

Label affixed to the inside of each beam of each ladder section; a color change indicates that the ladder has been exposed to a sufficient degree of heat and should be tested before further use

A

Heat sensor label

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15
Q

Curved metal surfaces installed near the top end of roof ladders to secure the ladder to the highest point on a peaked roof of a building

A

Hooks

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16
Q

Devices attached to the inside of the beams on fly sections used to hold the fly section in place after it has been extended

A

Pawls

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17
Q

Pawls are also called ___

A

Dog or ladder locks

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18
Q

Strips of metal attached to ladders at chafing points, such as the tip, or at areas where it comes in contact with the apparatus mounting brackets

A

Protection plates

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19
Q

Small, grooved wheel through which the halyard is drawn on an extension ladder

A

Pulley

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20
Q

The two lengthwise members of a trussed ladder beam that are separated by truss or separation blocks

A

Rails

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21
Q

Cross members that provide the foothold for climbing; extend from one beam to the other

A

Rungs

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22
Q

Wooden or metal pieces that prevent the fly section from being extended too far

A

Stops

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23
Q

Metal rods located beneath rungs extending from one beam to the other of a wooden ladder

A

Tie rods

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24
Q

Extreme top of a ladder

A

Tip (top)

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25
Q

Spacers set between the rails of a trussed ladder; may support rungs

A

Truss block

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26
Q

Four types of ground ladders commonly used

A
  1. Single
  2. Combination
  3. Roof
  4. Extension
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27
Q

Consist of one section of nonadjustable or fixed length

A

Single ladders

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28
Q

Single ladders are also called ___

A

Wall or straight ladders

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29
Q

___ is used to define the length of single ladders

A

Overall length of the beams

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30
Q

Single ladders are often used for ___

A

Quick access to windows and roofs on one and two story buildings

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31
Q

Some single ladders are of the ___ type, a design intended to maximize their strength while reducing weight

A

Trussed

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32
Q

Single ladder length range

A

6’ to 32’

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33
Q

Common single ladder length range

A

12’ to 24’

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34
Q

Single ladders equipped with folding hooks that provide a means of anchoring the ladder over the edge of a pitched roof or some other roof part

A

Roof ladder

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35
Q

Function of the roof ladder

A

Distributes the firefighter’s weight and helps prevent slipping

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36
Q

In position, roof ladders generally lie flat on the roof surface so that ___

A

A firefighter can stand on the ladder while working

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37
Q

Roof ladders may also be used as ___

A

Wall or straight ladders

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38
Q

Roof ladder length range

A

12’ to 24’

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39
Q

Consists of a base or bed section and one or more fly sections that travel in guides or brackets to permit length adjustment

A

Extension ladder

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40
Q

An extension ladder is measured ___

A

Fully extended

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41
Q

Extension ladders can be adjusted ___

A

Incrementally

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42
Q

Extension ladder length range

A

12’ to 39’

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43
Q

Designed so they can be used as a self-supporting stepladder and as a single or extension ladder

A

Combination ladder

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44
Q

Combination ladder length range

A

8’ to 14’

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45
Q

Most common combination ladder length

A

10’

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46
Q

A combination ladder must be equipped with ___

A

Positive locking devices to hold the ladder in the open position

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47
Q

Clean and inspect ladders after ___

A

Every use

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48
Q

___ requires ground ladders to be inspected after each use and on a monthly basis

A

NFPA 1932

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49
Q

What to check when inspecting ladders

A
  1. Heat sensor labels on metal and fiberglass ladders for a color change
  2. Heavy carbon deposits or blistered paint on the ladder tips on ladders without heat sensor labels
  3. Discoloration on fiberglass ladders indicating heat exposure
  4. Rungs for damage or wear
  5. Rungs for tightness
  6. Bolts and rivets for tightness
  7. Welds for any cracks or apparent defects
  8. Beams and rungs for cracks, splintering, breaks, gouges, checks, wavy patterns, or deformation
  9. Worn areas caused from vibration at points of contact with apparatus or other ladders
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50
Q

Replace heat sensors when ___

A

Their expiration date is reached

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51
Q

Bolts on wooden ladders should not be so tight that they ___

A

Crush the wood

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52
Q

Any ladder that has been subjected to ___ is unsafe for use and should be removed from service for testing

A

Direct flame contact, has been exposed to high heat, or has a heat sensor that has changed color

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53
Q

What to do with a ladder that damage was found on during inspection?

A

Remove from service until it can be repaired and tested

54
Q

Ladders that cannot be safely repaired must be ___

A

Destroyed or scrapped for parts

55
Q

Markings commonly found on fire service ladders

A
  1. Designated ladder length
  2. Manufacturer’s name plate
  3. Apparatus designation or a locally assigned inventory number
  4. White tip or reflective tape attached to tip
  5. Stripe to indicate balance point
  6. Electrical hazard warning label
  7. Ladder positioning label
  8. Heat sensore labels
56
Q

The length of the ladder must be marked ___

A

Within 12” of the butt plate

57
Q

Wooden ladders should not be painted because ___

A

It can conceal damage to the wood

58
Q

Heat sensor preset ___

A

300°F

59
Q

___ requires certain markings and labels be affixed to ladders

A

NFPA 1931

60
Q

When inspecting metal ladders, you should look for ___

A
  1. Evidence of flame impingement or heat damage
  2. Loose or missing rivets or fasteners
  3. Damaged or missing rubber on the footpads
  4. Dry rot or other damage to the halyard
  5. Corrosion or rust
  6. Loose or damaged rungs
  7. Cracks, bends, or other damage
61
Q

When inspecting fiberglass ladders, you should look for ___

A
  1. Cracks, chipping, or other damage in the fiberglass components
  2. Loose or missing rivets or fasteners
  3. Evidence of flame impingement or heat damage
  4. Corrosion or rust on metal components
  5. Loose or damaged rungs
  6. Damaged or missing rubber on the foot pads
  7. Dry rot or other damage to the halyard
62
Q

When inspecting wooden ladders, you should look for ___

A
  1. Areas where the finish has been chafed or scraped
  2. Darkening of the varnish
  3. Dark streaks in the wood
  4. Marred, worn, cracked, or splintered parts
  5. Shoes rounded or smooth
  6. Water damage
63
Q

When inspecting roof ladders, you should look for ___

A
  1. Make sure that the roof hook assemblies operate with ease
  2. Hook assemblies should not show signs of rust
  3. Hooks should not be deformed
  4. Parts should be firmly attached with no sign of looseness
64
Q

When inspecting extension ladders, you should look for ___

A
  1. Pawl assemblies - hook and finger should move in and out freely
  2. Halyard -damage or wear
  3. Halyard cable - Should be taut when bedded
  4. Pulleys - turn freely
  5. Ladder guides - condition, and fly sections move freely
65
Q

Serves as the guideline for ground ladder service testing

A

NFPA 1932

66
Q

How often should ground ladders be service tested?

A
  1. Before being placed into service
  2. Annually
  3. After any use that exposes them to high heat or rough treatment
67
Q

How often should ladders be cleaned?

A

After every use

68
Q

How to clean the ladder?

A
  1. Use a soft bristle brush and running water
  2. Remove tar, oil, or greasy residues with mild soap or environmentally safe solvents, and apply lubrication occasionally
  3. Look for damage or wear while cleaning the ladder
  4. Wide the ladder dry after cleaning or use
69
Q

Keeping ladders in a state of usefulness or readiness

A

Ladder maintenance

70
Q

To restore or replace that which is damage or worn out

A

Repair

71
Q

General maintenance requirement for ground ladders

A
  1. Keep free of moisture
  2. Storing free from exhaust or engine heat
  3. Keep out of the weather
  4. Paint only for ID or visibility purposes, limit painted areas to 18” at the top and bottom of the beams
72
Q

Do not raise any ladder to within ___ of electrical wires

A

10’

73
Q

How many firefighters on a ladder?

A

One every 10’ or one per section

74
Q

Use a ___ when working from a ground ladder

A

Leg lock or ladder belt

75
Q

Relocate a positioned ladder only when ___

A

Ordered to do so

76
Q

Secure the foot of unattended ladders to a ___

A

Stationary object using ropes

77
Q

Movement when carrying, raising, or lowering ladders should be ___

A

Smooth and controlled

78
Q

Lift on command of a firefighter who can ___

A

See the other members of the team

79
Q

Lifting with others should occur in ___

A

Unison

80
Q

What does OSHA call the radius of 10’ surrounding an electrical hazard?

A

Circle of safety

81
Q

Modern metal and fiberglass ladders are designed to be used with the fly ___

A

Out

82
Q

Wooden ladders that are designed with the rungs mounted in the top truss rail are intended to be used with the fly ___

A

In

83
Q

Excess halyard should be ___

A

Tied off

84
Q

In most cases, ladders are carried ___ forward

A

Butt

85
Q

When personnel are working on a roof or upper stories, there must be at least ___ means of escape with at least ___

A
  1. Two
  2. Two ladders at remote locations from each other
86
Q

A residential story averages ___ from floor to floor, with a ___ distance from the floor to windowsill

A
  1. 10’
  2. 3’
87
Q

A commercial story averages ___ from floor to floor, with a ___ distance from the floor to the windowsill

A
  1. 12’
  2. 4’
88
Q

Selecting a ladder to reach a specific point requires the ability to ___

A

Judge distance

89
Q

A measurement of the total length of a single section ladder and the maximum extended length for an extension ladder

A

Designated length

90
Q

Determine how far various ladders will reach based on their ___

A

Designated length

91
Q

The designated length is not the ladder’s ___ because ___

A
  1. Reach
  2. Ladders are set at angles of about 75° for climbing
92
Q

In the case of extension ladders, the maximum extended length may be as much as ___ than the designated length

A

6” less

93
Q

Building walls or parapets that extend more than 6’ above the roof may require the use of ___

A

An additional ladder to reach the roof deck

94
Q

Calculate maximum reach of a ladder 35’ or less

A

Subtract one foot

95
Q

Calculate maximum reach of a ladder over 35’

A

Subtract two feet

96
Q

Two objectives to be met when placing ground ladders

A
  1. Position the ladder properly for its intended use
  2. Place the butt the proper distance from the building for safe and easy climbing
97
Q

If you are using a ladder for positioning a firefighter to break a window for ventilation, place it ___

A

Alongside the window to the upwind side, the tip even with the top of the window

98
Q

If you use a ladder for entry or rescue from a window, place the ladder tip ___

A

Slightly below the sill. If the sill projects out, wedge the ladder tip under it

99
Q

If the window opening is wide enough to permit the ladder tip to project into it and allow room beside it to facilitate entry and rescue, place the ladder so that ___

A

Two or three rungs extend above the sill

100
Q

Proper ladder angle

A

75°

101
Q

Benefits of a proper ladder angle

A
  1. Good stability
  2. Less stress on the ladder
  3. Optimum climbing angle
  4. Easiest climbing angle
102
Q

If the butt of the ladder is too far from the building ___

A

The load-carrying capacity of the ladder is reduced, and has more of a tendency to slip

103
Q

If its necessary to place the butt of the ladder further from the building than is optimum ___

A

Either tie-in or heel the bottom of the ladder at all times

104
Q

Easy way to determine the proper distance between the butt of the ladder and the building

A

Divide the working length of the ladder by 4

105
Q

Working length of the ladder

A

Length actually used

106
Q

When the ladder is at the proper angle, a firefighter standing straight up on the bottom rung should be able to ___

A

Reach straight ahead and grasp the rung in front of them

107
Q

Two methods of securing a ladder

A
  1. Tying in
  2. Heeling
108
Q

Heeling is also called ___

A

Footing

109
Q

Heeling guidelines

A
  1. Wear full PPE with helmet face shield deployed
  2. Be alert for falling objects
  3. Stay alert for firefighters descending the ladder

When heeling from beneath the ladder:
4. Stand with feet shoulder-width apart or one foot slightly ahead of the other
5. Grasp the beams at about eye level and pull backward
6. Look forward, not up, when someone is climbing

When heeling from outside the ladder:
7. Chock the butt end with one foot
8. Place your toes against the butt spur or on the bottom rung
9. Grasp the beams and press the ladder against the building

110
Q

Whenever possible, a ladder should be tied securely to ___

A

A fixed object

111
Q

Benefit of tying in a ladder

A

Frees personnel who would otherwise be holding the ladder in place

112
Q

___ can be used to tie in a ladder to a fixed object

A

Rope hose tool or safety strap

113
Q

To be most effective, ___ are necessary when raising and lowering fire department ladders

A

Teamwork, smoothness, and rhythm

114
Q

How much of the ladder must be placed on the ground prior to raising it?

A

Only the butt

115
Q

One firefighter can safely shift a single ladder that is ___

A

20’ or shorter

116
Q

Smoothness climbing the ladder is accomplished if ___

A

Your knee is bent to ease the weight on each rung

117
Q

Where to focus your eyes when climbing a ladder

A

Forward with occasional glances at the tip

118
Q

Keep your arms ___ when climbing a ladder

A

Horizontal

119
Q

Hand placement on the rungs

A

Palms down and thumbs between the rungs

120
Q

Firefighters needed to bring a victim down a ladder

A
  1. Two inside the building
  2. One or two on the ladder
  3. One to heel the ladder
121
Q

Ladder angle when removing a victim

A

Work best if the ladder is set at a slightly steeper angle

122
Q

The method chosen for assisting a victim down a ladder depends on ___

A

Whether the victim is conscious or unconscious

123
Q

Conscious victims can be lowered ___ onto a ladder

A

Feet first, facing the building

124
Q

The unconscious victim can be held on a ladder in the same way as a conscious victim except that ___

A

The victim’s body rests on the rescuer’s supporting knee. The feet must be placed outside the rails to prevent entanglement

125
Q

Three methods for assisting unconscious victims down a ladder

A
  1. On-the-knee
  2. Cross-body method
  3. Modified cross-body method
126
Q

The victim is rested on the firefighter’s knee between the firefighter’s body and the ladder

A

On-the-knee

127
Q

The victim is carried horizontally facing the firefighter. The firefighter has one arm between the victim’s legs and the other arm under the victim’s lowest arm at the armpit. The firefighter’s hands maintain contact with the ladder rails to keep the victim in place on the way down

A

Cross-body method

128
Q

The modified cross-body method is basically the same as the cross-body method, except that ___

A

The victim faces the ladder rather than the firefighter

129
Q

How to use two rescuer’s to carry a victim down a ladder

A

Place two ladders side by side. One rescuer supports the waist and legs, and the other supports the upper torso and head

130
Q

Small children who must be brought down a ladder can be ___

A

Cradled across the rescuer’s arms

131
Q

Piece of rope spliced to form a loop through the eye of a metal hook; used to secure hose to ladders or other objects

A

Rope hose tool

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