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Recruit School > Portable Fire Extinguishers (IFSTA) > Flashcards

Portable Fire Extinguishers (IFSTA) Flashcards

1
Q

Primarily intended for occupants to use on small, incipient fires or on fires in the early growth stage

A

Portable fire extinguishers

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2
Q

Firefighters must learn about portable fire extinguishers for ___

A

Use on the job and to teach members of the community to use them properly

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3
Q

According to ___, those qualified at the FF1 level must know about portable fire extinguishers

A

NFPA 1001

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4
Q

What does a person qualified at the FF1 level need to know about portable fire extinguishers?

A
  1. Fire classifications
  2. Risks associated with each class of fire
  3. Operating methods of portable fire extinguishers
  4. Limitations of portable fire extinguishers
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5
Q

In regards to a portable fire extinguisher, the FF1 must be able to ___

A
  1. Select the appropriate extinguisher for size and type of fire
  2. Safely carry portable fire extinguishers
  3. Approach fire with portable fire extinguishers
  4. Operate portable fire extinguishers
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6
Q

Portable fire extinguishers are classified according to ___

A

The type of fire that each is designed to extinguish

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7
Q

How many classes of portable fire extinguishers are there?

A

5

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8
Q

Portable fire extinguishers are identified by the ___

A

Class letter or combination of letters for which the extinguisher is rated

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9
Q

Three most common classification combinations

A
  1. A-B-C
  2. A-B
  3. B-C
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10
Q

All new portable fire extinguishers must be labeled with ___

A

The appropriate letters and/or symbols

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11
Q

An extinguisher should be used only for the ___

A

Fire type for which it is intended

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12
Q

___ extinguishers are classified with both letter and numerical rating systems

A

Class A and B

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13
Q

What does the rating of 4-A 10-B:C indicate?

A
  1. Should extinguish a Class A fire that is 4 times larger than a 1-A fire
  2. 20 times as much Class B fire than a 1-B extinguisher
  3. Extinguish a deep-layer flammable fire of 20 sq/ft in area
  4. Must be nonconductive
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14
Q

The classification and numerical rating system is based on tests by ___

A

Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

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15
Q

Portable fire extinguishers are identified in two ways ___

A
  1. Geometric shapes of specific colors with the class letter shown within the shape
  2. Pictographs
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16
Q

Fire classifications

A

A - Ordinary combustibles
B - Flammable and combustible liquids and gases
C - Electrical
D - Combustible metals
K - Kitchen (cooking oils)

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17
Q

Class A fires involve ordinary combustibles such as ___

A
  1. Textiles
  2. Plastics
  3. Wood
  4. Paper
  5. Rubber
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18
Q

All class A fires can be extinguished with ___

A

Water and water-based agents like Class A foam or dry chemicals

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19
Q

Rating range of Class A extinguishers

A

1-A to 40-A

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20
Q

The Class A rating of extinguishers is primarily based on the ___

A

Amount of water and the duration and range of the discharge used in extinguishing test fires

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21
Q

To calculate the water capacity of a Class A extinguisher, ___

A

Multiply the number in front of the A by 1.25 gallons

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22
Q

Agents used to extinguish Class B fires include ___

A

CO2, dry chemicals, and Class B foam

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23
Q

Flammable and combustible liquids include ___

A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Lubricating oils
  3. Gasoline
  4. LPG
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24
Q

LPG

A

Liquified petroleum gas

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25
Q

Class B extinguisher rating range

A

1-B to 640-B

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26
Q

The Class B rating is based on ___

A

The approximate square foot area of a flammable liquid fire that a nonexpert operator can extinguish using one full extinguisher

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27
Q

The nonexpert operator of a Class B extinguisher is expected to extinguish ___

A

1 square foot for each numerical rating or value of the extinguisher rating

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28
Q

___ agents cannot be used on Class C fires

A

Water and water-based

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29
Q

Class C extinguishing agents will not ___

A

Conduct electricity

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30
Q

The Class C rating is assigned in addition to ___

A

A rating for Class A or B fires

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31
Q

To determine a Class C extinguishers extinguishing ability, check the ___

A

Class A or B rating

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32
Q

Class D fires include ___

A
  1. Titanium
  2. Magnesium
  3. Sodium
  4. Lithium
  5. Potassium
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33
Q

Can be identified by the bright white emissions during the combustion process

A

Magnesium fires

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34
Q

Common uses of magnesium

A
  1. Cameras
  2. Laptops
  3. Luggage
  4. Metal box springs for beds
  5. Wheels and transmission components for cars
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35
Q

The use of water or water-based agents on Class D fires will ___

A

Cause the fire to react violently, emit bits of molten metal, and could injure nearby firefighters

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36
Q

Works best on Class D fires

A

Class D dry powder

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37
Q

Do not confuse Class D dry powder extinguishers for ___

A

Dry chemical units used on Class A, B, and C fires

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38
Q

Test fires for establishing Class D extinguisher ratings vary with ___

A

The type of combustible metal tested

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39
Q

Testers for Class D extinguishers consider various factors during testing ___

A
  1. Reactions between the metal and the agent
  2. Toxicity of the agent
  3. Toxicity of the fumes produced and the products of combustion
  4. Time to allow metal to burn completely without fire suppression compared to the time to extinguish the fire using the extinguisher
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40
Q

The application instructions for a Class D extinguisher are on the ___

A

Faceplate

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41
Q

Class D extinguishers do not get a ___

A

Numerical rating

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42
Q

Involve combustible cooking oils such as vegetable or animal fats and oils that burn at extremely high temps

A

Class K fires

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43
Q

What agents are used on a Class K fire?

A

Wet chemical systems and portable fire extinguishers

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44
Q

Class K rated extinguishers work because of ___

A

Saponification

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45
Q

Saponification converts ___

A

The fatty acids or fats in oils to a soapy film

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46
Q

Oils that saponification in Class K extinguishers works on ___

A
  1. Vegetable oil
  2. Canola oil
  3. Peanut oil
  4. Other oils with little or no fatty acids
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47
Q

Wet chemical agents containing an alkaline mixture, such as potassium acetate, potassium carbonate, or potassium citrate ___ the Class K fire

A

Suppress the vapors and smother

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48
Q

Agents capable of extinguishing a fire from ___ meet the minimum criteria for a Class K rating

A

A deep fryer using these light oils with a surface area of 2.25 sq/ft

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49
Q

In addition to being rated according to the type of fire they will extinguish, portable fire extinguishers are also rated according to the ___

A

Type of extinguishing agent and the mechanism used to expel the contents

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50
Q

Extinguishing agents use at least one of the following methods to extinguish a fire ___

A
  1. Smothering
  2. Cooling
  3. Chemical flame inhibition
  4. Saponification
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51
Q

Excluding oxygen from the burning process

A

Smothering

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52
Q

Reducing the burning material below its ignition temp

A

Cooling

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53
Q

Interrupting the chemical chain reaction

A

Chemical flame inhibition

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54
Q

Forming an oxygen-excluding soapy foam surface

A

Saponification

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55
Q

Smothering agents wont work on materials that ___

A

Contain their own oxidizing agent

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56
Q

Water-type extinguishers must be protected against freezing if exposed to temps below ___

A

40°F

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57
Q

Protection options for water-type extinguishers against freezing

A
  1. Adding antifreeze
  2. Storing them in warm areas
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58
Q

Primary and secondary method of extinguishing of water

A
  1. Cooling
  2. Oxygen depletion
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59
Q

Primary and secondary method of extinguishing of CO2

A
  1. Oxygen depletion
  2. Cooling
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60
Q

Primary and secondary method of extinguishing of foam

A
  1. Oxygen depletion
  2. Vapor suppression
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61
Q

Primary and secondary method of extinguishing of clean agent

A
  1. Chain inhibition
  2. Cooling
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62
Q

Primary and secondary method of extinguishing of dry chemical

A
  1. Chain inhibition
  2. Oxygen depletion
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63
Q

Primary and secondary method of extinguishing of wet chemical

A
  1. Oxygen depletion
  2. Vapor suppression
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64
Q

Primary and secondary method of extinguishing of dry powder

A
  1. Oxygen depletion
  2. Heat transfer cooling
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65
Q

Mechanisms portable extinguishers use to expel their contents

A
  1. Manual pump
  2. Stored pressure
  3. Pressure cartridge
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66
Q

The operator physically applies pressure to a pump that increases pressure within the container which forces the agent out of a nozzle at the end of a hose

A

Manual pump

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67
Q

Compressed air or inert gas within the container forces the agent out a nozzle at the end of a hose when the operator presses the handle

A

Stored pressure

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68
Q

A separate cartridge on the side of the container contains inert gas. When the operator punctures the cartridge seal, the expellant enters the container and forces the agent out a nozzle on the end of a hose

A

Pressure cartridge

69
Q

Common portable fire extinguishers

A
  1. Pump-type water extinguishers
  2. Stored-pressure extinguishers
  3. AFFF extinguishers
  4. CO2 extinguishers
  5. Dry powder extinguishers
  6. Stored-pressure water extinguishers
  7. Wet chemical stored-pressure extinguishers
  8. Clean agent extinguishers
  9. Dry chemical extinguishers
70
Q

AFFF

A

Aqueous film forming foam

71
Q

Pump-type water extinguishers are intended primarily for use on ___

A
  1. Ground cover fires
  2. May also be used on small Class A fires
72
Q

Operators usually wear pump-type water extinguishers on their ___ and use a ___

A
  1. Backs
  2. Manually operated slide pump
73
Q

A pump-type water extinguisher nozzle produces ___

A

A straight stream, fog, or water-mist pattern

74
Q

Stored-pressure water extinguishers are also called ___

A

Air-pressurized water extinguishers or pressurized water extinguishers

75
Q

APW

A

Air-pressurized water

76
Q

APW extinguishers are useful for ___

A
  1. All types of Class A fires
  2. Extinguishing confined hot spots during overhaul operations
77
Q

Stored-pressure water extinguishers store water along with ___

A

Compressed air or nitrogen

78
Q

APW extinguishers have a ___ to display the extinguishers pressure level

A

Gauge located on the valve assembly

79
Q

The pressure in an APW extinguisher’s stored pressure forces water ___

A

Up the siphon tube and out through the hose

80
Q

Some manufacturer’s add ___ to pump-type or stored-pressure water extinguishers to increase their effectiveness

A

Class A foam concentrate

81
Q

Stored-pressure water-mist extinguishers use ___ as the agent and nozzles that produce ___

A
  1. Deionized water
  2. A fine spray instead of a solid stream
82
Q

Impurities in water make it conduct ___

A

Electricity

83
Q

Stored-pressure water-mist extinguishers are safe to use on ___ in addition to Class A fires because of the ___

A
  1. Class C fires
  2. Deionized water
84
Q

The fine spray from a stored-pressure water-mist extinguisher enhances ___ and reduces ___

A
  1. The water’s cooling and soaking characteristics
  2. Scattering of the burning materials
85
Q

Stored-pressure wet chemical fire extinguishers are intended for use on ___

A

Class K fires involving cooking fats, greases, and vegetable and animal oils in commercial kitchens

86
Q

Stored-pressure wet chemical fire extinguishers contain ___

A

A special potassium-based, low-pH agent formulated to operate on the principle of saponification

87
Q

AFFF extinguishers are intended for ___

A

Class B fires

88
Q

AFFF extinguishers are particularly useful in ___

A

Combating fires in or suppressing vapors from small liquid fuel spills

89
Q

AFFF extinguishers differ from stored-pressure water extinguishers in two ways

A
  1. The AFFF extinguisher tank contains a specified amount of AFFF concentrate mixed with the water to produce a foam solution
  2. It has an air-aspirating foam nozzle that aerates the foam solution
90
Q

The water/AFFF solution is expelled using ___

A

Compressed air or nitrogen stored in the tank with the solution

91
Q

The resulting finished AFFF foam ___ on the surface of fuels that are lighter than water

A

Floats

92
Q

The film of AFFF creates a ___

A

Vapor seal that extinguishes the flame and prevents reignition

93
Q

To avoid disturbing the AFFF foam blanket when applying the foam, ___

A

Do not apply the foam directly to the fuel, instead, allow it to rain down gently onto the fuel’s surface or deflect the foam off a nearby object or surface

94
Q

AFFF extinguishers are most effective on ___

A

Static pools of flammable liquids

95
Q

AFFF extinguishers are not suitable for fires in ___ fuels

A

Class C, D, or K

96
Q

AFFF extinguishers are not suitable when the fuel is ___

A

Flowing downhill or under pressure spraying from a leak

97
Q

Clean agents in halotron extinguishers effectively ___

A

Cool and smother fires in Class A and B fuels and inhibit the sustained chemical reaction in Class C fuels

98
Q

Why can clean agents extinguish Class C fires?

A

They are nonconductive

99
Q

Clean agents were developed to replace ___

A

Halons

100
Q

Halons are also known as ___

A

Halogenated extinguishing agents

101
Q

Halons were extremely effective for extinguishing fires in ___

A

Computer rooms, Aircraft engines, and areas that contain materials that could easily be damaged by water or dry chemical agents

102
Q

Disadvantage of halogenated extinguishing agents

A

Damaging to the ozone layer

103
Q

CO2 fire extinguishers are available as both ___ units

A

Handheld and wheeled

104
Q

CO2 extinguishers are most effective at extinguishing ___

A

Class B and C fires

105
Q

___ will disperse the CO2 from the extinguisher

A

Wind

106
Q

CO2 extinguishers have a limited ___

A

Reach

107
Q

CO2 extinguishers do not require ___ protection

A

Freeze

108
Q

CO2 extinguishers store CO2 ___

A

Under its own pressure as a liquified gas

109
Q

CO2 extinguishers discharge the agent through a ___

A

Plastic or rubber horn at the end of a short hose or tube

110
Q

The gaseous CO2 discharge usually forms ___

A

Dry ice crystals or CO2 snow

111
Q

The snow from CO2 changes ___

A

From a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid

112
Q

How does the CO2 put out the fire?

A

Displaces oxygen and smothers the fire

113
Q

Even though CO2 discharges at subzero temps, it has ___

A

Little if any cooling effect on fires

114
Q

CO2 does not suppress the ___

A

Surface vapors of fuel

115
Q

When the extinguishers discharge CO2, a ___ builds up on the discharge horn

A

Static electrical charge

116
Q

Wheel CO2 unit typical capacity

A

50 to 100 lbs

117
Q

Wheeled CO2 units are most commonly used in ___

A

Airports and industrial facilities

118
Q

After operators wheel the CO2 unit to the fire, they must ___

A

Deploy or unwind a hose from the unit before use

119
Q

Wheel CO2 unit typical hose length

A

15’

120
Q

Dry chemical agents are for use on ___

A

Class A-B-C fires and/or Class B-C fires

121
Q

Most common portable fire extinguishers in use

A

Dry chemical

122
Q

Two basic types of dry chemical extinguishers

A
  1. Regular B-C rated
  2. Multipurpose and A-B-C rated
123
Q

Commonly used dry chemicals

A
  1. Sodium bicarbonate
  2. Potassium bicarbonate
  3. Urea-potassium bicarbonate
  4. Potassium chloride
  5. Monoammonium phosphate
124
Q

Manufacturers mix dry chemical agents with additives that make the agents ___

A

Moisture-resistant and prevent them from caking

125
Q

Drying or hardening into a mass

A

Caking

126
Q

Because dry chemical agents don’t cake, the application may result in a ___

A

Cloud of airborne particulate

127
Q

With dry chemical agents on Class A fires, direct the agents at ___

A

The fuel in order to cover it with chemical

128
Q

Many dry chemical agents can be ___ to all surfaces

A

Mildly corrosive

129
Q

Some dry chemicals are compatible with ___

A

Foam

130
Q

___ agents will cause the foam blanket to deteriorate when applied in conjunction with or after foam to a Class B fire or spill

A

Monoammonium phosphate and some sodium bicarbonate

131
Q

Once the dry chemical agent has knocked down the flames, the operator should ___

A

Apply the agent intermittently as needed on any smoldering areas

132
Q

Two basic designs for handheld dry chemical extinguishers

A
  1. Cartridge-operated
  2. Stored-pressure
133
Q

A stored-pressure handheld dry chemical extinguisher’s agent storage tank maintains a constant pressure of about ___

A

200 psi

134
Q

Employ a pressure cartridge connected to the agent tank

A

Cartridge-operated extinguishers

135
Q

How to operate a cartridge-operated extinguisher

A

Push a plunger to release the gas from the cartridge and pressurize the agent tank

136
Q

Both cartridge-operated and stored-pressure dry chemical extinguishers use either ___ or ___ as the pressurizing gas

A
  1. Nitrogen
  2. CO2
137
Q

When pressurizing a cartridge-type extinguisher, do not ___

A

Place your head or any other part of your body above the top of the extinguisher

138
Q

Why should you not be above a cartridge-type extinguisher when pressurizing?

A

If the fill cap is not properly screwed back on, the cap and/or a cloud of agent can be forcibly discharged

139
Q

Dry chemical wheeled units are ___ versions of the handheld units

A

Larger

140
Q

Dry chemical wheeled units are rated for Class A, B, and C fires based on the ___

A

Dry chemical in the unit

141
Q

Dry chemical wheeled units configuration

A

Extinguishing agent is kept in one tank, and the pressurizing gas in a separate cylinder

142
Q

After positioning the dry chemical wheeled unit at the fire, and before discharging the agent, the operator should ___

A

Stretch out the hose completely

143
Q

Why should the hose on the dry chemical wheeled unit be stretched out before pressurizing?

A

It can make removing the hose more difficult and the powder can sometimes clog in sharp bends of the hose

144
Q

Operators of a dry chemical wheeled unit should ___ before opening the nozzle

A

Introduce the pressurizing gas into the agent tank and allow it a few seconds to fully pressurize

145
Q

An operator of a dry chemical wheeled unit should be prepared for a significant ___ when the nozzle is opened

A

Nozzle reaction

146
Q

Fires involving Class D combustible metals require ___

A

Special dry powder extinguishing agents and application techniques

147
Q

Some powdered agents can be applied with portable extinguishers, but others must be applied with ___

A

Either a shovel or a scoop

148
Q

Describes the appropriate application technique for any given dry powder

A

Manufacturer’s technical sales literature

149
Q

Class D portable fire extinguishers come in both ___ models

A

Handheld and wheeled

150
Q

Whether applying a particular dry powder with an extinguisher or with a scoop, the operator must apply the agent ___

A

In a sufficient depth to completely cover the burning area

151
Q

Operators should apply the dry powder gently in order to avoid ___

A

Breaking any crust that may form over the burning metal

152
Q

If the crust of a dry powder over a burning metal breaks, ___

A

The fire may flare and expose more uninvolved material to combustion

153
Q

Water applied to a combustible metal fire results in a ___

A

Violent reaction that intensifies the combustion and causes bits of molten metal to spatter in every direction

154
Q

How to extinguish a fire fueled with a small amount of burning metal on a combustible surface

A
  1. Cover the fire with powder
  2. Spread a layer of powder 1 to 2 inches deep nearby
  3. Shovel the burning metal onto this layer
  4. Add more powder as needed
  5. After extinguishment, leave the material undisturbed until the mass has cooled completely before attempting disposal
155
Q

In most cases, your supervisor will make the decision on the need to use a portable fire extinguisher and will tell you the ___

A

Correct type to select and use

156
Q

Select extinguishers that ___

A

Minimizes the risk to life and property and are effective in extinguishing the fire

157
Q

Factors to consider when selecting an extinguisher

A
  1. Classification of the burning fuel
  2. Hazards to be protected against
  3. Atmospheric conditions
  4. Ease of handling the extinguisher
  5. Rating of the extinguisher
  6. Size and intensity of the fire
  7. Availability of trained personnel to operate the extinguisher
  8. Any life hazard or operational concerns
158
Q

Even though fires in electronics or computer equipment are Class C fires, you should select ___ to fight fires in highly sensitive computer equipment

A
  1. Clean agent or CO2
159
Q

Dry chemical effect on Class C fire in sensitive computer equipment

A

The residue will leave a residue that could potentially do more damage to the computer than the fire itself

160
Q

A ___ of the extinguisher should be conducted before it is used

A

Visual inspection

161
Q

The visual inspection of the extinguisher before use is necessary to ensure ___

A

That the extinguisher is charged and operable

162
Q

The visual inspection of the extinguisher before use may protect you from injury from a ___

A

Defective or depleted extinguisher

163
Q

The visual inspection before use of an extinguisher includes ___

A
  1. External condition - No apparent damage
  2. Hose/nozzle - In place
  3. Weight - Feels as though it contains agent
  4. Pressure gauge (if available) - Should register a reading in the operable range
164
Q

Approach the fire from ___

A

Upwind

165
Q

Once in position to attack the fire, use the ___ method

A

PASS application

166
Q

PASS

A

Pull - pull the pin
Aim - Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire
Squeeze - Squeeze the handles together to release a short burst to test the extinguisher, then squeeze continuously
Sweep - Sweep the nozzle back and forth to cover the burning material

167
Q

A portable fire extinguisher is a ___ fire fighting appliance and does not take the place of an ___

A
  1. First aid
  2. Appropriate-size hoseline
168
Q

If extinguishment is not achieved after an entire extinguisher has been discharged onto the fire, ___

A

Withdraw and reassess the situation

169
Q

What to do with empty extinguishers

A

Lay on their sides

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