Roles of Experience on Perceptual Development

Question 1

Roles of Experience
(Gottlieb, 1976)

Answer 1

function needs maintence otherwise there will be loss #

Question 3

Perceptual Attunement

Answer 3

• Organization & sensitivities at birth(partially developed)
• Experience required to maintain
• And to sharpen
• Domain general?
• Experience Expectant?

Question 4

Evidence for Perceptual Attunement
Organization at birth; experience maintains & sharpens

Answer 4

• Speech perception
• Sign language perception
• Bimodal speech perception
• Even in cross-species
• Visual language discrimination
• Face processing
• Rhythm discrimination

Question 5

Initial sensitivity: Need experience to
maintain

Answer 5

English and Hindi Adults: Discrimination - english adults could not discriminate between da’s

but

english 6-8 months could and goes down as they get older they lose the discrimination if not mentence

the englished kids were conditioned into descriminating

Question 6

Lexical tone

Answer 6

– Rising vs. Low:
– Infants 6- and 9-
months
– Tone contrast on
syllables
– Same tone
difference in music
(on a violin)
– Used CHT task

Question 7

Lexical tone-

Answer 7

– Effect of experience
– But only for lexical tone

• Chinese infants above
  chance at 6- and 9- mos
• English infants above
  chance at 6-, but not 9-mos
  – Non-speech, musical tone
• Both language groups
  improved from 6- to 9-mos
  – Attunement for linguistic
  informationInfants’ Tone Perception 43

Question 8

Perceptual attunement in sign language perception

Answer 8

• ASL (Baker, Petitto, & Golinkoff, LL&D, 2006; Palmer, Fais, Golinkoff, & Werker, 2012)

– Handshapes [5] vs. [Flat-0]
– Maintained only if experience sign lang

Question 9

Is all perceptual change attunement?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

not always

Answer 10

Even in phonetic
perception also
induction

• ma/na easy
• Na/nga – hard
• Requires experience to
  show in habituation task

in tagalo by experience not necessary maintance - 4 month no,6 month no and 10 month yes

Question 11

Language is social, often occurs in face-to-face
interactions

Answer 11

Infants use the visual information in talking faces

And imitate the sounds they hear/see

they could differences between man and womens voice and match it

Question 12

AV Matching : Perceptual Attunement

Answer 12

ba and va

spanish speaker dont use va and cant discriminate by 11 mon

Question 13

Cross-species vocal matching

Question 14

Also seen in face processing

Answer 14

• Young infants equally responsive to familiar and unfamiliar race faces
• Adults prefer same-race faces
• And show better discrimination and memory for same race faces
• ~ 5 months, infants prefer same race
• And start declining in discrimination unfamiliar race faces

Question 15

Other race individual face discrimination

Answer 15

Famliarization to one
followed by paired
preferential looking to novel

Initially tested white
European ethnicity infants
on same race faces,
Chinese faces, and South
Asian faces

Later papers,
each group shows a similar
pattern for faces of their own,
vs other, ethnicity

can differentiate by 3 month between people from same race but by 9months cant

that happens across speciaes like monkeys except when named

Question 16

Tantalizing Similarities:
Other domains

Answer 16

• Music Perception
  – Rhythym (Hannon & Trehub, 2005)
  – Melody (Schellenberg & Trehub, 1999)
• Conceptual Development
  – Tight fit vs. loose fit (Hespos & Spelke, 2002)

Question 18

Innate sensitivity to face-to-face biological motion

Answer 18

These findings support the idea of an innate and sex-dependent predisposition toward social and interacting stimuli in a vertebrate brain such as that of chicks.