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Year 4 > Rodents > Flashcards

Rodents Flashcards

1
Q

Do ferrets need to be fasted before surgery?

A

Yes

4-6 hours

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2
Q

Which opioid reverses fentanyl sedation?

A

Buprenorphine

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3
Q

Which opioids can you use with rodents and ferrets?

A

Buprenorphine

Pethidine, methadone, morphine

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4
Q

What is the most common pre-med for rodents and ferrets?

A

Midazolam and buprenorphine

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5
Q

Why should you swab out the mouth of rodents prior to surgery?

A

May have food stored in mouth

Risk of aspiration pneumonia

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6
Q

Give some cons of using face masks to maintain anaesthesia

A

Potentially increased dead space
Leakage of volatile agent
Breath-holding
Tongue can block pharynx if incorrectly positioned
Volatile agents may cause nasal oedema and mucus production
No protection against upper or lower airway obstruction or aspiration

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7
Q

What can you give as a pre-med for ferrets?

A

Midazolam and buprenorphine
Triple (ketamine, medetomidine, buprenorphine - cat dose)
Hypnorm (fentanyl and fluanisone)

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8
Q

Which iv induction agents can you use in ferrets?

A

Alfaxalone

Propofol

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9
Q

What flow rate of anaesthesia should you use in ferrets?

A

1.5 - 2.5 l/min

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10
Q

Why should you raise the thorax when performing surgery on a ferret?

A

To prevent abdominal contents putting pressure on the diaphragm

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11
Q

Why should you avoid touching the guts when doing surgery on a rodent?

A

More prone to adhesions forming -> gut stasis

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12
Q

Give the clinical signs of insulinoma

A

Hypoglycaemia
Weakness
Hypersalivation

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13
Q

Give some risks associated with insulinoma surgery

A

Intra-operative insulin release
Pancreatitis post-operatively
(Can give intra-operative glucose and dexamethasone to counteract)

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14
Q

What are rodents more susceptible to compared to other pets when considering anaesthetic?

A

Hypoglycaemia
Hypothermia
(High metabolic rate, rapid drug metabolism)

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15
Q

Where can you take blood from in rodents?

A

Lateral saphenous, lateral tail vein (mice and rats), femoral vein, jugular vein, cranial vena cava in guinea pigs, degus and chinchillas

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16
Q

Do herbivorous species have acidic or alkaline urine?

A

Alkaline

17
Q

The urine of which rodents is usually proteinuric?

A

Rats and mice

18
Q

Why is anorexia considered an emergency in rabbits?

A

Can lead to gut stasis which can be fatal

19
Q

Why is clipping of rabbit incisors unacceptable?

Why is rasping also unacceptable?

A

Clipping: results in tooth fracture
Rasping: can damage the periodontal ligament

20
Q

What is the recommended treatment for tooth root abscesses in rabbits?

A

Surgical tooth removal and marsupialisation or closure after placement of an AB-impregnated implant (eg PMMA bead)

21
Q

Give some causes of gastric stasis in rabbits

A

Mechanical obstruction (eg dehydrated ingesta secondary to dehydration, FB)
Abnormalities in neuronal/gastric smooth muscle contractility
Low fibre, high carbohydrate diet
Stress

22
Q

Give some clinical signs of gut stasis in rabbits

A 
Gradual decrease in appetite -> anorexia
Decreased size and amount of faecal pellets
Depression
Dehydration
Death
23
Q

How would a rabbit’s stomach feel if it had gastric stasis?

A

Firm, dough-like

24
Q

How do you treat gut stasis in rabbits?

A

Fluids (oral and iv; maintenance= 100ml/kg/day)
Analgesia (buprenorphine at first, then NSAIDs once rehydrated)
Prokinetics (eg Ranitidine)

25
Q

What causes ‘walking dandruff’?

A

Cheyletiella (rabbit fur mite; non-burrowing)

26
Q

How do you treat ‘walking dandruff’?

A

Ivermectin

27
Q

What is the rabbit ear mite?

A

Psoroptes cuniculi

28
Q

How do you treat rabbit ear mites?

A

Ivermectin or selamectin

29
Q

What causes ulcers and scabs on the nose and/or perineum of rabbits?

A

Treponema cuniculi (‘rabbit syphilis’)

30
Q

How do you treat Treponema cuniculi (‘rabbit syphilis’)?

A

Usually self-limiting

Can give injectable penicillin once every 7 days for 3 doses

31
Q

How is E.cuniculi shed in rabbits?

A

In urine

32
Q

Give some clinical signs of E cuniculi in rabbits

A

Head tilt, torticolis, HL paresis, paralysis, tremors, convulsions, urinary incontinence, cataracts, lens-induced uveitis and death

33
Q

How do you diagnose E.cuniculi in rabbits?

A

IgG and IgM antibody assays (indicate exposure)
PCR (detects spores in urine or faeces)
PM: gross changes to kidneys (pitting and scarring of renal cortex)

34
Q

How do you treat E.cuniculi in rabbits?

A

Chronic cases: tx not usually successful

Acute cases: fenbendazole may alleviate clinical signs

35
Q

Why should glucocorticoids be used with caution in rabbits?

A

Very immunosuppressive and can induce liver disease

36
Q

What is licensed for fleas in rabbits?

What should never be used?

A

Imidacloprid is licensed

Fipronil is toxic to rabbits so should never be used

Year 4 (51 decks)

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