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Year 4 > Camelids > Flashcards

Camelids Flashcards

1
Q

Give some signs of discomfort in a camelid

A

Ear position
Teeth grinding/groaning
Body position eg restless

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2
Q

How would you take a jugular blood sample from a camelid?

A

Find C5 and C6 (bony processes)

Allow finger to slip medially into jugular groove to raise vein

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3
Q

Why should you take care when giving glucose to camelids?

A

They are quite insulin-resistant

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4
Q

What kind of fluids should you give to camelids?

A

Alkaline

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5
Q

Where can you take a blood sample from in camelids?

A

Cephalic, jugular, saphenous veins

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6
Q

Which jugular vein should you use in camelids and why?

A

Right

Oesophagus is on the left, plus the vagal nerve runs close to the left jugular

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7
Q

How much would a camelid’s BCS decrease by before you called a vet?

A

1 point

2 point -> urgent

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8
Q

Give the ideal values of albumin and TP

A

Albumin: >20g/L
TP: >40g/L

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9
Q

Give some common causes of abdominal distension

A

Ascites, SI obstruction, pregnancy

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10
Q

Give some common causes of colic

A

Phytobezoar, enteritis, spiral colon torsion

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11
Q

How can you asses rumen function?

A

Listen on both sides for 2 mins, 6-8 rumbles = good rumen function

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12
Q

Where can you give IM injections?

A

Quadriceps (semintendinous), gluteals

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13
Q

Where can you give SC injections?

A

In front of shoulder, behind elbow (less fleece)

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14
Q

Where should you microchip a camelid?

A

Upper left neck (30-45o angle)

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15
Q

What are camelids vaccinated against?

A

Clostridial diseases

As required: BTV, lepto, rotavirus etc

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16
Q

Give some clinical signs of worms in camelids

A

Soft faeces, ill thrift, anaemia, malaise, death

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17
Q

Give the cut-off values for FEC eggs per gram of:
Trichostrongyles
Fluke, nemoatodirus
Haemonchus, lungworm

A

Trichostrongyles: 300-400
Fluke, nemoatodirus: 1 (use NADIS to know when to treat)
Haemonchus, lungworm: any are noteworthy

18
Q

How can you identify Haemonchus?

A

Fluorescent staining in lab

19
Q

When is albendazole CI?

A

When pregnant

20
Q

Why should you be careful when treating parasites with levamisole?

A

Toxic

Use only if you can accurately weigh animal

21
Q

Why are IV anthelmintics used instead of pour ons?

A

Poor absorption with pour ons

22
Q

Name 4 eimeria species specific to camelids

A

E. lamae
E. alpacae
E. punoensis
E. macusaniensis

23
Q

When should you treat against coccidiosis?

A

Early-born crias at weaning
Late-born crias at 2-3 months
Adults after stress
Incoming adults

24
Q

Where would you usually see chorioptic and sarcoptic mites?

A

Chorioptic: abdomen
Sarcoptic: head

25
Q

How do you treat mange?

A

Ivermectin
Injectable for sarcoptic mite as it is a burrowing mite
Pour-on for chorioptic as it is a surface mite
Typically 3-4 treatments, 7-10 days apart
Treat the whole group
Severe cases: shampoo, topical acaricide, antibiotics, skin conditioner

26
Q

When is hyperkeratosis usually seen?

A

Weaning age, adolescent

27
Q

What causes caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

28
Q

Give some clinical indicators of anaemia

A

Pale mm, pulse deficit, heart murmur, cold extremities, increased CRT

29
Q

Give some possible causes of anaemia

A

Haemolysis, chronic disease, haemonchosis, fluke, gastric ulceration, ivermectin toxicity, mycoplasma haemollamae (blood parasite specific to camelids)

30
Q

Why are cross reactions rare in blood transfusions in camelids?

A

Only 1 blood group

31
Q

How much blood can you take from an alpaca and llama?

A

Alpaca: 1L
Llama: 1.5L

32
Q

What does hypophosphataemia indicate?

A

Muscle weakness

33
Q

When is castration carried out?

A

Over 18 months

34
Q

What are the anaesthesia options for castration?

A 
Local infiltration (max. 6mg/kg BW) along median raphe +/- intra-testicular 
Triple stun (+/- local)
Caudal epidural (1ml/45kg BW)
35
Q

Why is closed castration preferred over open?

A

Tunica vaginalis can prolapse as scrotum is not very pendulous

36
Q

What are the 3 most common causes of weight loss?

A

Parasites
Tooth problems
Bullying over food

37
Q

Which sedation compromises a triple stun?

A

Xylazine, ketamine, butorphanol

38
Q

Which sedation would you give a cria?

A

Butorphanol and diazepam

39
Q

Give some maternal and foetal causes of dystocia

A

Maternal: insufficient dilation, failure to expulse
Foetal: malposture, posterior presentationl, monstrosity

40
Q

During labour, when are foetal membranes usually passed?

A

In 1-3 hours

Classed as ‘retained’ if over 6 hours

Year 4 (51 decks)

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