Equine Oncology Flashcards
Which breeds are more likely to get ocular SCC?
Shire and Clydesdale
Excessive UV exposure is a risk factor for which tumour?
SCC
What are the 4 main groups of paraneoplastic syndromes in horses?
1) Mucocutaneous and skin syndromes: paraneoplastic pemphigus, pruritus
2) Neurological syndromes
3) Haematological syndromes: anaemia, polycytaemia, granulocytosis
4) Endocrine and metabolic syndromes: cachexia (wasting), hypercalcaemia (rare), hypertrophic (pulmonary), osteopathy (Marie’s disease)
What are the 3 major treatment options for tumours?
Ablative (surgery, laser/diathermy, cryotherapy, hyperthermia)
Cytotoxic (chemotherapy, radiotherapy: brachy/tele, phototherapy, electrochemotherapy)
Biological (immunotherapy, vaccines, cytokine therapy, gene therapy)
What is the most common haematopoietic neoplasm in horses?
Lymphoma
What are the 4 main forms of lymphoma?
Multicentric (most common)
Alimentary
Mediastinal/thoracic/thymic
Cutaneous
Multicentric lymphoma affects horses of which age?
4-12 years
Give some clinical signs of multicentric lymphoma
Weight loss, depression, ventral oedema, recurrent fever (signs are vague so cases only tend to present when advanced)
How do you diagnose multicentric lymphoma?
Cytology or biopsy
What is the treatment for multicentric lymphoma?
What is the prognosis?
Surgical removal if solitary lesions, chemotherapy? (expensive)
Prognosis depends on stage of disease
What is the most common intestinal neoplasm of horses?
Alimentary lymphoma
What age of horses are affected by alimentary lymphoma?
> 12 years
What are the clinical signs of alimentary lymphoma?
Malabsorption, weight loss, colic (uncommon)
How do you diagnose alimentary lymphoma?
Cytology (peritoneal fluid), biopsy
How do you treat alimentary lymphoma?
What is the prognosis?
Surgical removal if solitary lesions, chemo?
Poor prognosis, depends on stage of disease
What is the most common thoracic neoplasm in horses?
Lymphoma
Give the clinical signs of mediastinal/thoracic/thymic lymphoma
Weight loss, depression, ventral and limb oedema, pleural effusion
How do you diagnose mediastinal/thoracic/thymic lymphoma?
Cytology (pleural effusion), biopsy
How do you treat mediastinal/thoracic/thymic lymphoma?
What is the prognosis?
Palliative
Very bad prognosis. Fluid can refill within hours of drainage.
What age of horses are affected by cutaneous lymphoma?
Older horses
How do you diagnose cutaneous lymphoma?
Biopsy
How do you treat cutaneous lymphoma?
What is the prognosis?
Surgical removal if solitary masses
Less aggressive than other forms; may become static for years or even regress
What age of horses are affected by haemangiosarcoma?
Middle-aged to older (all ages possible)
What are the clinical signs of haemangiosarcoma?
Depends on body system affected
Resp and musculoskeletal most common
Haemorrhage: haemoabdomen, haemothorax etc
How do you diagnose haemangiosarcoma?
Cytology, biopsy
How do you treat haemangiosarcoma?
What is the prognosis?
Palliative
Very poor prognosis
What is the most common oral neoplasm in horses?
SCC
Which breed is more likely to get melanomas?
Lipizzaner
How does a granulosa cell tumour of the ovary appear on US?
Large
Honeycomb appearance
