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Year 4 > Equine Antibiotics > Flashcards

Equine Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Procaine penicillin must be administered via which route?

A

IM

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2
Q

Give some adverse effects of beta lactams

A

Anaphylaxis
Haemolytic anaemia
Thrombocytopenia

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3
Q

Cephalosporins have the same mechanism of action as which antibiotic group?

A

Penicillins

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4
Q

What happens to the action of the cephalosporins as the generations increase?

A

Gram negative action increases, gram positive action is good (less good with 3rd generations)

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5
Q

Do Aminoglycosides have mostly gram -ve or gram +ve action?

A

Gram -ve

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6
Q

Give some examples of aminoglycosides

A

Gentamycin, amikacin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin

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7
Q

Are aminoglycosides time- or concentration-dependent?

A

Concentration-dependent

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8
Q

Give some adverse effects of aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity
Endotoxaemia
Ototoxicity

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9
Q

Is chloramphenicol bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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10
Q

Which AB groups inhibit bacterial protein synthesis?

A

Chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, macrolides

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11
Q

Give an adverse effect of chloramphenicol

A

Colitis

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12
Q

Potentiated sulphonamides are a combination of which?

A

Sulphonamide and diaminopyrimidine

eg TMPS

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13
Q

Give some adverse effects of potentiated sulphonamides

A 
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
Crystalluria
Rapid iv administration -> collapse
Fatal dysrhythmias when associated with detomidine
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14
Q

Are tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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15
Q

Which AB group can be used to treat contracted tendons in foals?

A

Tetracyclines

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16
Q

Give some adverse effects of tetracyclines

A

Fatal colitis
Rapid iv administration -> collapse and death
Teeth discolouration

17
Q

Give some examples of fluoroquinalones

A

Enrofloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin

18
Q

Fluoroquinalones are very effective against which types of bacteria?

A

Enteric gram -ves eg Salmonella

19
Q

Give some adverse effects of fluoroquinalones

A 
Cartilage lesions (foals)
Antagonistic to ABs that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (eg Chloramphenicol)
20
Q

Give some examples of macrolides

A

Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin

21
Q

Macrolides are restricted to treating what in horses?

A

Rhodococcus equi in foals

22
Q

Give some adverse effects of macrolides

A

Diarrhoea (adults)

Hyperthermia

23
Q

Give the 3 major indications for using Rifampin

A

Staphs
Rhodococcus equi
Mycobacteria

24
Q

Give an adverse effect of Rifampin

A

Stains everything red: horses have red faeces, urine, tears, saliva

25
Q

Give 2 indications for using Metronidazole

A

Anaerobic bacteria

Protozoa (eg Giardia)

26
Q

Give some adverse effects of Metronidazole

A

Mutagenic
Neurotoxicity
Depression
Decreased appetite

27
Q

Which antibiotic group would be your first choice for a Streptococcal infection?

A

Beta lactams

Year 4 (51 decks)

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