Bovine Derm Flashcards
What is a hygroma?
Localised swelling of soft tissues, usually around carpus
Where are you more likely to see lice on a cow?
Back and neck,+/- pruritus
Look for lice and eggs
How do you treat lice?
Ivermectins, permethrins
How do you prevent flies?
Permethrins (eg impregnated tags/pour-ons)
How do you diagnose mange?
Skin scrape
Which kind of cattle are you more likely to see chorioptic mange in?
Where are the lesions located?
What are the clinical signs?
- Housed cattle, winter
- Tail head lesions, udder
- Pruritus, erythema, crusts, rubbing
How do you treat chorioptic mange?
Ivermectins (check milk withhold)
How do you treat psoroptic mange?
NOT IVERMECTINS
4% permethrin pour-on
Ringworm is usually seen in what age of cows?
- Calves (housed), esp on head
- Grey, crusty lesions
What causes ringworm?
Trichophyton verrucosum
How do you treat ringworm?
Enilconazole
Turn out
Treat any underlying husbandry conditions/diseases
How do you treat Dermatophillus congolensis (rainscald)?
Penicillin, oxytetracycline
What causes ‘Wooden Tongue’?
What skin lesions would you see?
- Actinobacillus
- Abscessation and fistulation
- Granulomatous lesions
- Especially on head and LNs; abscessation of tongue and swelling of ventral jaw
How do you treat Actinobacillus (‘Wooden Tongue’)?
- Antibiotics (pen/strep, oxytet)
- Potassium iodide (drench or iv, not licensed)
Where is cellulitis usually seen?
What is it usually caused by?
Head and neck, gross swelling
Staphs and Clostridia
How do you treat cellulitis?
Antibiotics
A deficiency in what causes a brown tinge to the hair coat?
Copper
What causes a popliteal abscess?
Ascending infection from foot
What is Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia?
- ‘Blood sweating disease’
- Newborn to 4 weeks old
- Bleeding from orifices, injection sites, skin, internal haemorrhages
- Bone marrow and blood changes eg pale mm (aplastic anemia)
How is lumpy skin disease transmitted?
Biting flies, ticks, needles
What are the clinical signs of lumpy skin disease?
- Fever
- Skin nodules, erosions
- Enlarged LNs
- Nasal discharge
- Mastitis
- Emaciation
Why may a cow have pelvic/upper HL or ‘neck rub’ skin injuries?
Poor cubicle design (and feed barrier position in the case of neck rub)
What do flies transmit?
Summer Mastitis (Trueperella pyogenes, Strep dysgalactiae) New Forest Eye (Moraxella bovis)
Give the clinical signs of sarcoptic mange
Intense pruritus
Alopecia, crusting, thickening of skin
Head, neck, shoulders
Zoonotic
Give the clinical signs of psoroptic mange
Intense pruritus
Bloody, crusty lesions on shoulders and tail head, hair loss, skin thickening
Weight loss, death
What causes impetigo and where is it usually seen?
Pustular staph infection
Udder and perineum
Where are lesions seen with Dermatophillus congolensis?
Crusts on back and udder
‘Rain scald’
Wet conditions, uncommon
How do you diagnose Dermatophillus congolensis?
Smear and methylene blue stain
What causes primary and secondary photosensitisation?
Primary: photodynamic agents in diet
Secondary: hepatic damage
How does urticaria often present?
Sudden onset oedema of vulva
How do you treat urticaria?
Anti-histamines, corticosteroids
Resolves spontaneously
What age of cows are affected by warts (papilloma virus)?
Do you need to treat?
Young animals
Resolve spontaneously
What should you do if you see a haematoma on a cow?
Leave it! Will resolve spontaneously
What causes pseudocowpox?
Where are lesions seen and what do they look like?
Parapox virus
Vesicules and pustules on teats -> horseshoe-shaped lesions
How do you treat pseudocowpox?
No specific treatment, may resolve and recur
What is ‘Blackspot’ and what causes it?
Necrotic lesion around teat ends
Caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum
Describe the appearance and treatment of Bovine Papular Stomatitis
Small red papules on muzzle and lips
No tx necessary
Describe intertrigo
Eczematous dermatitis in between the two sides of the udder/between the udder and thighs, as a result of constant rubbing
Usually 2-4 weeks post-calving
Affected skin is inflamed, painful, offensive smell, congealed serous material
Tx: antiseptic soap, local steroid cream
