Rocks

Question 1

define rock

Answer 1

a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter

Question 2

define rock cycle

Answer 2

the series of processes in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes

Question 3

define weathering

Answer 3

the breaking down of rock into particles called sediments

Question 4

define erosion

Answer 4

the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another

Question 5

define deposition

Answer 5

the process in which material is laid down

Question 6

define cementation

Answer 6

when layers of sediment are pressed together to form to form sedimentary rock

Question 7

define abrasion

Answer 7

the process of scraping or wearing away

Question 8

define composition

Answer 8

the chemical makeup of a rock; describes either the minerals or other materials in the rock

Question 9

define texture

Answer 9

the quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rock’s grains

Question 10

define destructive force

Answer 10

the process by which rock is broken down

Question 11

define constructive force

Answer 11

a force in science that builds something

Question 12

define igneous rock

Answer 12

a type of rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies

Question 13

define sedimentary rock

Answer 13

rocks formed by the deposition of sediments compacted and cemented together

Question 14

define metamorphic rock

Answer 14

rock altered by pressure and heat deep within the Earth

Question 15

define intrusive igneous rock

Answer 15

rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the Earth’s surface

Question 16

define extrusive igneous rock

Answer 16

rock that forms as a result of volcanic activity at or near the Earth’s surface

Question 17

define clastic sedimentary rock

Answer 17

formed when rock fragments are cemented together

Question 18

define chemical sedimentary rock

Answer 18

formed when minerals crystallize out of a solution, such as sea water, to become rock

Question 19

define organic sedimentary rock

Answer 19

forms from the remains of once living plants or animals

Question 20

foliated metamorphic rock

Answer 20

the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands

Question 21

unfoliated metamorphic rock

Answer 21

the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands