Human Body- Chapter 1 Flashcards
homeostasis
the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment
what happens if homeostasis in not mainained?
cells may not get the materials they need so they could die
how are cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems related?
grooup of cells=tissue goup of tissues=organ= organs that work together=organ system
describe epithelial tissue
covers and protects underlying tissue
describe nervous tissue
sends electrical signals throughout the body
describe muscle tissue
produces movement
describe connective tissue
supports, joins, protects organs
describe the function of protection when it comes to bones
protects vital organs from damage
describe the function of storage when it comes to bones
stores minerals and fat
descrinbe the function of movement when it comes to bones
skeletal muscles pull on bones to create movement
describe blood cell formation when it comes to bones
some bones are filled with marrow that produces blood cells
define blood vessels
transport substances and help regulate body temperature
define cartilage
flexible tissue that eventually grows into bone in most parts of the body
define spongy bone
bone tissue with many open spaces, provide most of the strength and suppot for a bone
define compact bone
bone tissue without visible open spaces- rigid and dense
what happens to most cartilage as a person ages/
its eventually grows into bone (expect the top of your ear, tip of your nose)
define gliding joint
allows bones in hand and wrist to glide over one another and have some flexibility
define ball and socket joints
allows free movement in all directions (hip, shoulder)
define hinge joint
flex and extend like a door opens and closes
what is a ligament?
strong elastic bands of connective tissue that connect a bone to a joint
define osteoperosis
bone disease that causes bone to become less dense
define arthritis
bone disease that causes joints to swell or stiffen
define dislocation
when one or more joint has been moved out of place
describe functions of muscular system
enables movement. moves food through digestive system, pumps blood throughout body
describe skeletal muscle
enables bones to move
describe smooth muslce
moves food through the digestive system
describe cardiac muscle
pumps blood around the body
what is involuntary muscle
muscle action that is not in your control
what is voluntary muscle
muscle action that is in your control
define flexsor
muscle that bends part of your body
define extensor
muscle that straightens part of your body
describe resistance excresize
working against the weight of an object, such as curlups
describe aerobic excersise
increase muslce strength, heart, and endurance, such as jogging, cycling, swimming, and walking
describe strain
when a muslce or tendon is stretched or torn if muscles are worked to hard or not warmed up
describe tendinitis
when a tendon becomes inflamed, this can happed if a tendon is overwored, then doesn’t have enought time to repair itself
what is and what is a part of the integumentary system
organ system that forms a protective covering over the outside of the body
- skin
- hair
- nails
describe the 4 functions of skin
protection- keeps water in and foreign particles out
touch- nerve endings in the skin help you feel things
regulate body temp.- sweat glands produce sweat to help cool the skin
gets rid of waste- several waste chemicals can be removed in sweat
what causes skin to come in different colors
melanin-chemical that is present in the skin, the more chemical in the skin, the darker it is
describe epidermis
outermost layer of skin that makes your skin tough
describe dermis
layer beneath the epidermis that contains colagen- allows the skin to bend without tearing
