Human Body Chapter 2

Question 1

what is the function of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

it is made up of organs that circulate blood throughout the body

Question 2

what are the 4 main parts of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

the heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries

Question 3

list the 3 steps of blood flow through the heart

Answer 3

1. blood enters the atria, the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from lungs, right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body
2. when the atria contracts, blood is squeezed into the ventricles
3. ventricles contract and push blood out of the heart, blood from right ventricle goes to lungs, blood from the left ventricle goes to the rest of the body

Question 4

what are the upper chambers of the heart?

Answer 4

atriums

Question 5

what are the lower chambers of the heart?

Answer 5

ventricles

Question 6

what causes the “lub-dub” sounds of the heart?

Answer 6

the valves opening and closing in the heart

Question 7

describe arteries

Answer 7

carry blood away from heart, thick walls with smooth muscle, pulse-change in blood pressure felt at arteries near the surface

Question 8

describe capillaries

Answer 8

tiny vessel that allows exchanges between body cells and blood, cells travel in single file

Question 9

describe veins

Answer 9

carry blood from capillaries back to heart, contains valves to prevent back flow, skeletal muscles help push blood toward heart

Question 10

describe pulmonary circulation

Answer 10

between the heart and lungs, CO2 released, O2 picked up

Question 11

describe systemic circulation

Answer 11

between heart and the rest of body, O2 dropped off; wasted picked up

Question 12

what can happen to a person if they receive the wrong blood-type?

Answer 12

the different RBC’s may attach to one another in a clump and possibly block blood vessels (possibly fatal)

Question 13

what does the body make when it finds foreign antigens present?

Answer 13

starts to produce white blood cells that help fight whatever is present

Question 14

what are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 14

collects excess fluids and returns it to your blood, helps you body fight off pathogens

Question 15

what is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 15

take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide

Question 16

pharynx

Answer 16

passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus

Question 17

larynx

Answer 17

the area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and produces vocal sounds

Question 18

trachea

Answer 18

the tube that connects the larynx to the lungs

Question 19

bronchus

Answer 19

one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea

Question 20

alveoli

Answer 20

any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

Question 21

what is atherosclerosis

Answer 21

a condition when cholesterol builds up inside of blood vessels, this can eventually lead to heart attack or death

Question 22

what is the difference between heart attack and heart failure

Answer 22

heart attack is when the heart muscles die and part of the heart dies, whereas heart failure is the when the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the rest of the bodies needs

Question 23

what is a stroke

Answer 23

when a blood vessel in the brain is clogged or ruptured, this part of the brain doesn’t get oxygen, so, brain cells die

Question 24

describe asthma

Answer 24

disease that causes the brinchioles to narrow, making it difficult to breathe