Organelles Flashcards
Cell membrane
(all cells)
- protects the cell
- creates a barrier between inside and outside
- controls what enters and exits the cell
Cell wall
(plant cells)
- made up of cellulose
- thick, rigid wall located just outside the cell membrane
Cytoplasm
(all cells)
- jelly-like liquid inside cell membrane
- contains organelles
- location of many chemical reactions
Nucleus
(plant and animal cells)
- control center of the cell
- contains DNA
- surrounded by membrane called the nuclear envelope (protection)
Nuclear Envelope
(plant and animal cells)
-surrounds and protects the nucleus
Nucleolus
(plant and animal cells)
- special region inside nucleus
- where ribosomes are made
Ribosomes
(all cells)
- are proteins that make proteins
- can be free or attached
- free in cytoplasm
- attached in the Rough ER
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
(plant and animals cells)
- always near nucleus
- makes proteins and other cell products for export out of the cell
- studded with ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
(plant and animals cells)
- makes the cell membrane
- detoxify drugs
- has many enzymes
- no ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
(plant and animal cells)
- collects, modifies, packages, and ships cell products
- receives cell products from ER
- sends modified cell products to cell membrane
Transport Vesicle
(plant and animal cells)
- small membrane-bound compartments
- transport compounds around the cell
Lysosome
(animal cells)
- contains digestive enzymes surrounded by a double membrane
- recycles worn-out cell parts
- digests food
- can digest other cells
Vacuole
(plant and animal cells)
- larger in plants
- stores water, food, nutrients, and cell products
Chloroplast
(plant cells)
-converts sunlight to food
Mitochondria
(plant and animal cells)
-converts food into energy
Cytoskeleton
(plant and animal cells)
- skeleton of cells
- provides structure, shape, and movement
Centriole
(animal cells)
-involved in cellular reproduction
Cilia
(can be in plant, animal, and prokaryotic cells)
- not all cells have cilia
- small, hair-like projections
- provide movement
Flagella
(can be in plant, animal, and prokaryotic cells)
- not all cells have flagella
- whip-like tail
- provide movement
- usually only one or a few on a cell
