RNA processing

Question 1

when are transfer RNA modified?

Answer 1

after transcription in bacterial and eukaryotic cell

Question 2

what are the modified RNA nucleotide bases

Answer 2

Ribothymine
Pseudouridine

Question 3

the common secondary structure of tRNA is

Answer 3

the coverleaf structure

Question 4

tRNA gene are SCATTERED or clustered around the genome. T/F

Answer 4

T

Question 5

WHAT is the essential modification of tRNA

Answer 5

addition of CCA to 3’end of the tRNA

Question 6

all tRNAs undergo pretranscriptional processing or postranscriptional processing

Answer 6

postranscriptional

Question 7

what changes standard base into modified base

Answer 7

base modifying enzymes

Question 8

transfer RNAs are processed

Answer 8

in both bacterial and eiukaryotic cells

Question 9

describe tRNA processing

Answer 9

1. a large precursor tRNA is CLEAVAGE to produce an individual tRNA molecule
2. An intron is removed by splicing
3. and bases are ADDED to 3’ end
4. MODIFICATION of several bases produces mature tRNA

Question 10

When is ribosomal RNA processed

Answer 10

after transcription

Question 11

how is Ribosomal RNA processed in prokaryotic rRNA

Answer 11

1. Methyl groups are added to specific bases and to the 2’-carbon atom of some ribose sugar
2. RNA si cleaved into several intermediates
3. Cleaved
4. Mature rRNA are the result

Question 12

how is ribosomal RNA processed in Eukaryotic rRNAs

Answer 12

1. Mathyl groups are added to specific bases and to the 2’-carbon atom of some ribose sugar
2. Mature rRNA are the result

Question 13

what RNA limits the invasion of foreign genes from viruses and transposons

Answer 13

RNA interference (RNAi)

Question 14

which RNA censors the expression of a eukaryotic cell’s own genes

Answer 14

RNA interferenece (RNAi)

Question 15

RNAi is triggered by

Answer 15

double stranded RNA that may arise in number of ways

Question 16

which RNA have exact complementarily with their target mRNAs

Answer 16

siRNAs

Question 17

which RNA often have less than complete complementarily with their targets

Answer 17

miRNA

Question 18

which RNA is involved in degradation of mRNA, inhibition of transcription, chromatin modification

Answer 18

siRNA and miRNA

Question 19

siRNA and miRNA are produced from

Answer 19

double stranded RNAs

Question 20

which RNAs consist of 24-31 nucleotides and longer than siRNA and miRNA

Answer 20

piRNAs

Question 21

is dicer involved in piRNA formation

Answer 21

no

Question 22

what does piRNA combine with to suppress expression and movement of transposons in germ cells of animals

Answer 22

Piwi protein

Question 23

piwiRNAs target mRNAs from

Answer 23

transposons and other facets of transposon action

Question 24

CRISPR RNAs are encoded in bacteria and archae by

Answer 24

Clustered Regularly Intersoersed Short Palindromic Repeats

Question 25

CRISPR consist of palindromes drived from

Answer 25

bacteriophage or plasmid genomes

Question 26

CRISPR RNAs combine with CAS protein to

Answer 26

provide defense against invasion by specific foreign DNA molecules

Question 27

After expression and processing, crRNA joins CAS to form

Answer 27

effector complex that binds to a foreign DNA through base pairing making it nonfunctional.

Question 28

long nonocding RNA (IncRNAs) typically range from

Answer 28

200 to 100,00 nucleotides in length