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Genetics > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are features of hereditary material

A
  1. Localized to the nucleus
  2. Present in stabel form in cells
  3. Contains information needed for structure, function, development, and reproduction of an organism
  4. replicate itself so that daughter cells contain same info as parent cells
  5. MUtable
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2
Q

How many strains of Pneumococcus did Griffith identify

A

2, R &S

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3
Q

Which strain of pneumococcus caused fatal pneumonia in mice

A

S

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4
Q

Waht will convert the R(rough) strain into S (smooth) strain

A

single nucleotide change

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5
Q

What happened to a mice infected with strain S

A

developed pneumonia and died

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6
Q

What happened to mice infected with strain R or heat strained S

A

they survived

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7
Q

What happened to the mice that died

A

the live type S bacteria were recovered

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8
Q

what happened when the scientist used heat-killed S bacteria and live R and infected mice

A

all aliquotes killed the mice except the one with DNA destroyed

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9
Q

what must phages do to reproduce

A

phages must infect bacterial host to reproduce

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10
Q

when does infection begin

A

when the phage injects DNA into the bacterial cell and leaves its protein shell on the surface

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11
Q

Phage protein assembled into the progney stage are released

A

by lysis of the host cell

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12
Q

where do phage DNA replicate in

A

bacterium

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13
Q

Content of sulfur and phosphorus in protein

A

protein contain large amount of sulfur but no phosphorus (NO P)

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14
Q

Content of sulfur and phosphorus in DNA

A

DNA has phosphorus but no sulfur

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15
Q

IS protein/DNA responsible for infecting bacteria

A

Phage DNA

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16
Q

In Hershey and chase experiment where was radioactivitty detected

A

empty phage particles (ghosts)

17
Q

Describe arrangemeny of double helix

A

sugar phosphate backbones on outside, nucleotide bases arrayed in complementary pair towards the center.

18
Q

what is a nucleotide consist of

A
  1. sugar
  2. nitrogenous base
  3. phosphate group
19
Q

What is the sugar of DNA nucleotides

A

deoxyribose having 5 carbons

20
Q

where is a nitrogenous base attached to in a nucleotide ?

A

1’ carbon

21
Q

where is the hydroxyl group (OH) group attached to in a nucleotide

A

3’ carbon

22
Q

what carbon is the free phosphate group attached to

A

5’ carbon

23
Q

acronym of dNTPS

A

deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs)

24
Q

what enzyme arranges individual nucleotide into chains

A

DNA polymerase

25
Q

DNA polymerase catalyses the formation of which bond

A

phosphodiester bond

26
Q

where is the phosphodiester bond found

A

3’ OH group of one nucleotide and 5’ phosphate group of another

27
Q

This consists of alternating sugar and phosphate groups

A

sugar-phosphate backbone

28
Q

what are the rules of base pairing

A
  1. base of one strand is complementary to the bases in the corresponding strand
  2. two strands are antiparrallel with respect to 5’ and 3’ ends
29
Q

why do we pair bases

A

to form stable hydrogen bonds

30
Q

how many hydrogen bonds exist between A and T

A

2 bonds

31
Q

how many hydrogen bonds exist between G and C

A

3 bonds

32
Q

the 3’end has an OH that can react with what to form a phosphodiester bond

A

react with phosphates on NTPs to form phosphodiester bond

33
Q

single stranded DNA can serve as template for

A

replication and transcription

34
Q

characteristics of DNA strand

A

denature and anneal

35
Q

what is the interval of base pairs along DNA duplex

A

3.4 A

36
Q

what form of DNA is the most common in living cells

A

B form

37
Q

the grooves

A

are regions where DNA binding proteins can make direct contact with nucleotides

38
Q

what is the diameter fo a DNA molecule

A

20 A

39
Q

what is about each 360 degree turn take

A

10 base pair or 34A

Genetics (20 decks)

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