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Genetics > DNA REPLICATION > Flashcards

DNA REPLICATION Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA strands serve as

A

template for synthesis of one another

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2
Q

two newly synthesized strands come together, original helix is preserved, this is what replication

A

Conservative

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3
Q

parental strands are dispersed into two new double helices, this is which replication

A

dispersive replication

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4
Q

in this replication, each replicated DNA molecule consists of one “old” and one new strand

A

Semiconservative

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5
Q

DNA replication in E.COLI is

A

semiconservative

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6
Q

what is the direction of DNA replication

A

bidirectional

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7
Q

what is the origin of replication of eukaryotic chromosomes

A

multipple origin of replication

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8
Q

bacterial chromosomes have how many origin of replication

A

single

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9
Q

when new DNA is synthesized in both direction from the single origin, it creates what

A

an expanding replication bubble

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10
Q

when is replication complete

A

when the replication fork meet

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11
Q

when an helix unwounds, it creates a

A

replication fork

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12
Q

length of DNA replicated is called

A

Replicon

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13
Q

requirement for replication in linear eukaryote

A
  1. template strand
  2. raw material: nucleotides
  3. enzymes and other protein
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14
Q

DNA synthesis / replication run from

A

5’ to 3’

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15
Q

DNA polymerase adds nucleotide to which end

A

3’ end of growing strand

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16
Q

what has the most characterized ORI sequences

A

yeast (Saccharomyces cerevusiae)

17
Q

multiple origin of replication are called

A

Autonomously replicating sequences (ARS)

18
Q

Initiation of replication process

A
  1. Dna A binds to the 9-mer repeats, bends DNA and breaks hydrogen bonds in the 13-mer regions
  2. DnaB is a helicase that uses ATP energy to break hydrogen bonds to separate the strand and unwind helix
  3. Dna B is carried to DNA helix by Dna C
  4. Unwound DNA are kept from reannealing by SSB
  5. unwinding of chromosomes leads to supercoiled DNA
  6. topoisomerases catalyze controlled cleavage and rejoins DNA to prevent overwinding
19
Q

Can DNA polymerase initiate DNA strand synthesis on their own

A

no, they need RNA primers

20
Q

what is teh name of the specialized RNA polymerase

A

primase

21
Q

which DNA polymerase is abundant but not ideal for replication, its main job is clean-up

A

DNA polymerase I

22
Q

which DNA polymerase is the principal replication polymerase

A

DNA polymerase III

23
Q

WHICH DNA polymerase are involved in DNA repair

A

DNA polymerase II,IV & V

24
Q

WHICH of these two strands does DNA polymerase synthesise 5’ to 3’ to 3’ to 5’

A

5’ to 3’

25
Q

which is the continous DNA synthesis

A

leading strand

26
Q

which is the discontinuous DNA synthesis

A

lagging strand

27
Q

which polymerase is involved in removing an RNA primer nucleotide and adding a DNA nucleotide

A

DNA polymerase I

28
Q

what happens when the primer removal is finished in the strand

A

dna ligase replaces pol I at DNA-DNA single strand gaps catalyzing formation of a phosphodiester bond

29
Q

single steranded binding (SSB) protein coats single-stranded DNA to prevent

A

reannealing

30
Q

why must DNA form a loop

A

so that both strands can replicate simultaneously

31
Q

Characteristics of DNA replication

A
  1. Semiconservative
  2. bidirectional
  3. Semidiscontinous
32
Q

when the leading strand copies continuously an dteh lagging strand copies in segments. This is called

A

semidiscontinuous

33
Q

how is eukaryotic DNA replication differ from Bacterial Replication

A

multiple origin
Telomeres and telomerase

34
Q

Ends of DNA contain a tandem repetitive sequence called

A

Telomeres

35
Q

the answer to Teloneres is

A

telomerase

36
Q

HOw do telomerase function

A

template RNA of telomerase allows new DNA replication to lengthen the telomere sequence
Once telomeres are elongated, polymerase synthesised additional RNA primers
New DNA replication then fills out chromosomes ends

37
Q

telomerase is active in

A

germ-line cells and some stem sells in eukaryote

Genetics (20 decks)

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