Molecular genetic part 2 Flashcards
WHAT IS ISOLATING GENES ON THE BASIS OF THEWIR POSITION ON A GENETIC MAP
Positional cloning
In _________, neighboring genes are used to locate a gene of iinterest
chromosome walking
what genetic disease is isolated by positional cloning
cystic fibrosis (AUtosomal Recessive disorder)
mRNA is strongly expressed in what part of the body affected by CF
Pancreas
what does the CF gene encode?
a protein called Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR)
How does CFTR function
as a chloride channel
who invented the dideoxy sequencing method
Frederick Sanger
dideoxy sequencing is based on
chain terminating substrates
what IS THE difference between dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (ddNTPs) and Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP)
ddNTP lacks a 3’OH group which causes chain termination and dNTP has a 3’OH group
Each of the four reaction contains
- single-stranded target DNA
- all four dNTP
- DNA polymerase
- primer
- one type of ddNTP
Examples of next-generation sequencing technologies
simultaneous determination
illumina sequencing
pyrosequencing
Third genertaion sequencing-Nanopore sequemcing
which DNA sequence uses DNA to identify individual people with some parts highly variable among individuals
DNA fingerprinting
this exhibits a variable number of copies of repeat sequences in different indivuduals
Microsatellites also called Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)
STRs are analyzed by
PCR and gel electrophoresis/ capillary electrophoresis
hwo can we identify people based on differences in their DNA?
the patterns of DNA fragements produced by individuals differ
the products of DNA fingerprinting can be represented by single tall peak which represents
homozygotes
the products of DNA fingerprinting represented by 2 shorter peaks are called
Heterozygotes
FBI uses how many STRs to identify indivioduals
13 STR loci
application of techniques in World Trade Center death
DNA fingerprinting were used and carried out on mitochondrial DNA with the remains of peope
which technique starts with a mutant phenotype and works towards identifying the gene
Forward genetics
which technique starts with a gene with little or no knowledge of the function
reverse genetics
examples of moleculr techniques used to increasingly analyze gene function
forward and reverse geentics
creating random mutation
targeted mutagenesis
what is the effect of creating random mutation
it increases the numbe rof mutants in an experimental population
which techniques employs a synthetic oligonucleotide with one or a few mismatch to the target sequence
site-directed mutagenesis
how is an transgeneic organism permanently altered
by incorporating a piece of foreign DNA into its genome
what can be used to introduce DNA into a fertilized egg
microinjection
what is the effect of microinjection
some of the offspring will have incroporated the transgene into their genomes
in a _______ mouse, a wild-type gene of the mouse is converted to a loss of function
knockout mouse
how is a loss of funtion achieved in a mouse
by inserting a piece of foreign DNA into the gene of interest by homologous recombination
how are siRNA produced
from double stranded RNA by Dicer
the production of siRNAs result in
RNA interference which is the silencing of the gene from which the double-stranded RNA is produced
what are poweful inducers of RNAi
Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs)
can siRNA be produced by cloning DNA sequences corresponding to the siRNAs between 2 strong promoters
YESSIR
RNAi can be used in the treatment of which disease
high cholesterol RNAi
which protein is an important component of lipoprotein that circulate in the blood
ApoB
reducing the levels of ApoB would _______
lower blood cholesterol levels
which naimals was the transfer of siRNAs for the ApoB protein tested
non humna primate (cynomolgus monkey)
areas in which biotech has harnessed power of molecular genetics
pharmaceutical product
specialized bacteria
agricultural products
genetic testing
gene therapy
