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Genetics > PROKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION > Flashcards

PROKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION Flashcards

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1
Q

which genes encode protein invoved in metabolism, biosynthesis or cell structure

A

Structural genes

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2
Q

which genes encode products that interact with other DNA sequences and affect the transcription and translation of these sequences

A

Regulatory genes

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3
Q

DNA sequence that are not transcribed but play a role in regulating sequences to whcih they are physically linked are called

A

Regulatory element

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4
Q

which elements are continuously expressed under normal cellular conditions

A

Constitutive expression

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5
Q

which elements stimulate gene expression

A

positive regulation

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6
Q

which element inhibits gene expression

A

negative regulation

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7
Q

gene expression can be controlled in single or multiple levels

A

multiple levels

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8
Q

what are responsible for binding to DNA by forming hydrogen bonds with DNA

A

DNA binding domains

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9
Q

a short sequence/ structure within the DNA binding domain, that fits into the major groove of DNA is called

A

Motifs

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10
Q

motifs are found on which groove of the DNA

A

major groove

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11
Q

where are helix-turn-helix located

A

bacterial regulatory protein; related motifs in eukaryotic protein

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12
Q

where are zinc finger location

A

eukaryotic regulatory and other proteins

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13
Q

where are steroid receptor located

A

eukaryotic proteins

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14
Q

where would u find leucine zipper motif

A

in eukaryotic transcription factors

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15
Q

where would you find helix-loop-helix

A

eukaryotic proteins

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16
Q

what kind of proteins would u find

A

homeodomain

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17
Q

what control transcription in bacterial cells

A

operons

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18
Q

what are the lac mutations

A

structural gene mutations
regulatory gene mutations
operator mutations
promoter mutations

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19
Q

what does an operon include

A

promoter+ operator+ structural genes

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20
Q

what type of operons is that in which transcription is usually turn off and needs to be turned on

A

inducible operons

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21
Q

what type of operons is that in which transcription is normally on and needs to be turned off

A

repressible operons

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22
Q

small molecule That turns on transcirption is called

A

inducer

23
Q

What is the effect of negative inducible operons

A

it inhibits transcription because molecule binds to operator

24
Q

what is the small molecule that binds to the repressor and makes it capable of binding to the operator to turn off transcription

A

copressor

25
Q

what is the protein that binds to the promoter and thereby increases the efficiency of RNAP binding

A

Catabolite activator protein (CAP)

26
Q

what is the regulatory protein involved that stimulates transcription by binding to DNA

A

activator

27
Q

Jacob and Monod deduced that operons interfered with the normal regulation in which organism

A

E.coli

28
Q

structural genes examples

A

lacZ, lacY, lacA (ZYA)

29
Q

which encodes B-galactosidase

A

lac Z

30
Q

which encodes lactose permease

A

lacY

31
Q

which encodes thiogalactoside transacetylase

A

lacA

32
Q

what are regulatory genes and sequences

A

lacI, lacP, lacO (IPO)

33
Q

which encodes lac repressor

A

lacI

34
Q

does the repression of the lac operon completely shit down transcription

A

Never Completely

35
Q

Beta-galactosidase converts lactose to

A

allolactose

36
Q

allolactose converts to

A

galactose and glucose

37
Q

When lactose is absent from the growth medium, what molecules are produced

A

B-galactosidase, permease, transacetylase

38
Q

When lactose is added to the medium and glucose is
absent, what happens

A

the rate of synthesis of each enzyme increases
about a thousandfold in 2-3 minutes!

39
Q

increase in protein synthesis is driven by

A

transcription of the lac operon.

40
Q

In the absence of lactose, what happens

A

the regulator protein (a repressor) binds to the operator and inhibits transcription.

41
Q

which repression favors using glucose when
available and repressing the metabolism of other
sugars.

A

Catabolite repression

42
Q

In E. coli, the concentration of cAMP is related to

A

inversely
proportional to the level of available glucose.

43
Q

what is an example of a negative repressible operon

A

the trp Operon

44
Q

five structural genes in the trp operon

A

trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA

45
Q

the trp operon gene converts

A

chorismate to tryptophan

46
Q

what affects the continuation of transcription, not its initiation.

A

Attenuation

47
Q

what is the secondary structure that forms in the
5’ UTR of certain operons that causes the premature
termination of transcription.

A

Attenuator

48
Q

what is the protein or DNA sequence that
inhibits the termination of transcription.

A

Antiterminator

49
Q

what contain binding sites for
transcriptional regulators but lie at distance
from the gene

A

Bacterial enhancers

50
Q

what sequence is complementary to targeted partial sequence of mRNA

A

Antisense RNA

51
Q

what molecules influence the
formation of secondary structures in mRNA

A

Riboswitches

52
Q

what RNA molecules with catalytic
activity

A

Ribozymes

53
Q

when extracellular osmolarity is low,

A

the ompF mRNA is translated to produce OmpF protein

54
Q

when extracellular osmolarity is high

A

blocking the ribosome-binidng site and synthesis of the OmpF protein is reduced.

Genetics (20 decks)

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