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HISTOPATHOLOGY > RISK MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY > Flashcards

RISK MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY Flashcards

1
Q

The process of ensuring and maintaining personal as well as environmental health and safety in the laboratory.

A

Risk management

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2
Q

First step of risk management

A

Identification of hazard in the workplace

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3
Q

What to do with unidentifiable, questionable, old or obsolete reagents and chemicals

A

Set aside for disposal

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4
Q

Proper way of handling toxic substances that generates aerosols

A

Use fume hoods or suitable containment devices

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5
Q

Used to protect hands and forearms

A

Gloves and gown

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6
Q

Is it allowed to eat in the laboratory?

A

No

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7
Q

Is it okay to wear sandals in the laboratory?

A

No

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8
Q

Is it okay to bring pets in the laboratory?

A

No

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9
Q

Is it okay to use phone in the laboratory?

A

No

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10
Q

Can you play music in the laboratory?

A

No

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11
Q

How often does the emergency materials be checked?

A

Monthly

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12
Q

Where to store combustible chemical materials?

A

Heat-resistant cabinets

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13
Q

How to store acids and bases?

A

Store separately

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14
Q

Proper way of tissue disposal

A

Stored in formalin and dispose by incineration or by putting them through a “tissue grinder”

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15
Q

Used chemicals must not be released into soil, drains and waterways. True or false?

A

True

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16
Q

Main categories of hazards

A

Chemical
Physical
Biological

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17
Q

Examples of chemical hazards

A

Cleaning agents
Disinfectants
Drugs
Anesthetic gases
Solvents
Paints
Compressed gases

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18
Q

How to properly store explosive chemicals?

A

Never store after use

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19
Q

Terms used to define the maximum allowable airborne concentration of a chemical to which a worker may be exposed.

A

Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)
Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs)

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20
Q

Proper labeling of chemicals includes information such as:

A

Chemical name and, if a mixture, names of all ingredients
Manufacturer’s name and address
Date purchased or made
Expiration date, if known
Hazard warnings and safety procedures

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21
Q

Chemicals that cause reversible inflammatory effects at the site of contact with living tissue

A

Irritants

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22
Q

Chemicals that can cause destruction or irreversible alterations when exposed to living tissue, or destroy certain inanimate surfaces

A

Corrosive chemicals

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23
Q

Chemical that cause allergic reactions in some exposed workers, not just in hypersensitive individuals.

A

Sensitizers

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24
Q

Substances that induce tumors

A

Carcinogens

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25
Q

Examples of carcinogenic chemicals

A

Chloroform
Chromic acid
Formaldehyde
Nickel chloride
Potassium dichromate

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26
Q

Examples of carcinogenic dyes

A

Auramine
Basic fuchsin
Any dye derived from benzidine

Congo red
Diaminobenzidine

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27
Q

Substances capable of causing death by ingestion, skin contact or inhalation at certain specified concentrations.

A

Toxic materials

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28
Q

Example of toxic materials

A

Methanol
Chromic acid
Osmium tetroxide
Uranyl nitrate

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29
Q

How to minimize hazards from accidental breakage of apparatus or spills of toxic substances in the fume hood

A

They should be stored in pans or trays made of polyethylene or other chemically resistant material.

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30
Q

What to do with material that comes in contact with toxic substances

A

Dispose as toxic substances

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31
Q

How to store volatile substances having high chronic toxicity

A

Store in ventilated storage area

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32
Q

Any area used for storage of substances of high chronic toxicity must be maintained under negative pressure with respect to the surroundings. True or false?

A

True

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33
Q

How to store dangerous liquids?

A

Store below countertop height

Avoid storing chemicals above eye level

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34
Q

Why is it that storage of chemicals above eye level must be avoided?

A

To minimize the risk of bodily exposure in case a bottle is dropped and broken.

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35
Q

Is it okay to store flammable liquids in refrigerator or freezer?

A

No, unless suitable for explosive atmosphere

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36
Q

How to store leftover flammable liquid

A

Dispose! Do not keep any leftover flammable liquid.

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37
Q

Flammable liquids should be stored in

A

Cabinets and safety containers that are approved by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

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38
Q

More significant route of exposure from chemicals

A

Skin

39
Q

General rule of diluting acid

A

Always add acid into the water

40
Q

Hypochlorite solutions are classified as what type of chemical

A

Irritants and corrosives

41
Q

Is it okay to autoclave bleach solutions?

A

Not okay

42
Q

Why should we not combine chlorine solutions

A

Combining these chemicals could result in release of chlorine gas, which can cause nausea, eye irritation, tearing, headache, and shortness of breath.

43
Q

Substance used to produce substances with temperatures below -153°C (-243°F)

A

Cryogens

44
Q

Example of cryogens

A

Liquid nitrogen

45
Q

Can we handle cryogens with bare hands?

A

No

46
Q

How to properly dispose dry ice

A

Allow it to sublimate or evaporate to the atmosphere in a well-ventilated area where CO2 vapor cannot build up.

47
Q

Most obvious physical hazards

A

Slips and falls

48
Q

Indicator of improper posture when working

A

Pain

49
Q

Ideal sharp container

A

Puncture-resistant & leak proof containers

50
Q

When should we replace a sharp container

A

When 3/4 is full

51
Q

Why do we need to replace sharp containers when 3/4 is full?

A

To prevent overfilling

52
Q

Is it okay to remove the cover of of sharps container?

A

No

53
Q

Can we transfer the content of sharps container?

A

No

54
Q

Substances whose vapors will ignite at or above a certain temperature (or flash point) or in the presence of an ignition source.

A

Combustibles

55
Q

OSHA defines “flash point” as

A

100°F (38°C)

56
Q

Department of Transportation defines “flash point” as

A

141°F (or 60.5°C)

57
Q

Substances that have flash points below flash point temperature

A

Flammables

58
Q

Where do we need to place the infectious materials when dealing with laboratory fire

A

Placed into autoclaves, incubators, refrigerators, or freezers for containment.

59
Q

Types of electrical hazards

A

Electric shock
Arc blasts
Electrocution
Fires and explosions

60
Q

Causes of electrical hazards

A

Faulty electrical equipment/instrumentation or wiring
Damaged receptacles and connectors
Unsafe work practices.

61
Q

Damaged electrical cords can lead to

A

Shocks or electrocution

62
Q

How to avoid electrical hazards

A

Equip all electrical power outlets with ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs)

63
Q

How to repair damages on extension cords

A

Discard! Never repair / shorten and install new plug

64
Q

What to do when you see a person being electrocuted

A

Do not touch them! Use non-conductive materials to pry them away from the contact

65
Q

Refers to anything that can cause disease in humans, regardless of their source.

A

Biological hazards

66
Q

Which is less infective, fresh or fixed specimen?

A

Fixed specimen

67
Q

Why does fixed specimen carry less risk?

A

Because infectious agents are deactivated by histological fixation

68
Q

Does complete alcohol penetration enough to kill prions?

A

No

69
Q

Infectious agents that cause spongiform encephalopathies

A

Prions

70
Q

Diseases caused by prions

A

Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (CJD)
Kuru and scrapie
Mad cow disease

71
Q

How to decontaminate tissue from patients with suspected CJD

A

Immerse the specimen in formalin for 48 hours, followed by treatment in concentrated formic acid for 1 hour, and additional formalin fixation for another 48 hours.

72
Q

Biological safety cabinet(s) must be certified within

A

Last 12 months of use.

73
Q

Amount of spill that can be safely handled by the immediate staff.

A

Small spills

74
Q

What to do if the amount of spilled material is limited to a few grams or milliliters

A

Simply wiped off with towel or sponge, while protecting the hands

75
Q

How to dispose towel or sponge used to wipe chemical spills?

A

Dispose to appropriate trash; do not put it into the general trash

76
Q

What to do when significant spills of dangerous materials occur?

A

All personnel should evacuate the room or immediate vicinity where the accidental spilled occurred, and first aid must be given to anyone who has gotten splashed or is feeling the effects of vapors.

77
Q

What to do when chemical spill is large?

A

Area must be sealed off and an experienced emergency response team must be called.

78
Q

Most common accidents requiring first aid

A

Ingestion
Eye contact
Extensive skin contact

79
Q

How long do we need to wash the affected area when accidental skin contact with hazardous chemicals occur?

A

15-30 minutes

80
Q

How to wash hazardous substance that is not readily water-soluble

A

Use soap with the water wash

81
Q

Distance between emergency eyewash station and working area

A

No more than 100 feet

82
Q

Recommend water temperature of emergency eyewash station

A

15-35°C

83
Q

Is it okay to use portable eyewash bottles?

A

No

84
Q

Why is it not recommended to use portable eyewash bottles?

A

They pour too little liquid and may become contaminated with microorganisms.

85
Q

Ergonomic risk factors

A

Awkward or sustained postures
Highly repetitive movements
Excessive force or strain
Contact stresses
Vibration

86
Q

Occur when body parts are positioned away from their neutral position.

A

Awkward posture

87
Q

Sustained contact between a body part and an external object.

A

Contact stress

88
Q

Period of time that a body part is exposed to an ergonomic risk factor.

A

Duration

89
Q

Repeated performance of motion that includes other ergonomic risk factors such as force and/or awkward posture.

A

Repetition

90
Q

Occur when a body part is held in a single position over a long period of time.

A

Static posture

91
Q

Interval of rest when using microscope

A

Every 15 minutes

92
Q

Interval of stretching when using microscope

A

30-60 minutes

93
Q

Harmless by themselves, they may present a serious fire risk when in contact with suitable substances.

A

Oxidizers

94
Q

Primary example of this hazard is picric acid

A

Explosives

HISTOPATHOLOGY (16 decks)

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