risk assessment Flashcards
What two vaccines are used for HPV prevention in women?
cervarix and gardasil, both three doses over six months
What is the most common cancer killer in the adolescent period for males?
testicular cancer
If a patient is going to college and going to live in a dorm, in the military, foreign travel, they should get revaccinated with what vaccine?
meningococcal vaccine
Who gets influenza vaccine and how often?
everybody, annually
When should a complete physical exam be done and how often?
starting at the age 20 and every 5-6 years (unless something is found)
At what age should pap smears begin and how often should they be repeated?
start age 20
repeat every 3 years until age 30 and then every 5 years
What age should self-breast exam begin?
age 21
At what age do we recommend mammography?
age 40
At what age can you discontinue mammograms?
age 75
At what age do you begin digital rectal exam and PSA in a healthy male?
age 40 for DRE
age 50 for PSA
At what age do you begin colorectal cancer screening?
age 50
What is the main causes of death in adults in the US?
1) heart disease
2) cancer
3) lower respiratory disease
4) CVA
Tonometry is screening for_____ and this screening should be done by age 40 for all adults.
glaucoma
What is zostavax and at what age is it given?
herpes zoster (shingles) vaccine
given at age 50 or older
At what age do we discontinue the pap smear with consecutive negative cytology?
age 65-70
Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended at the age 19-64 if patient smokes, has asthma, or chronic disease.
Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended in healthy people age:
65+
The degree to those who actually have the disease test positive +. The positives show positive.
Sensitivity
Those who do not have the disease show negative -.
The negatives show negatives.
specificity
D-dimer has a low sensitivity, but because the negatives show negative, the d-dimer has a high
specificity
Incidence
the frequency at which a disease appears at a given time
the rate at which the disease occurs during a certain period
Prevelance
Proportion of a population effected by disease at a particular time
%
Most common causes of death in the young adults:
- MVA
- suicide/homocide
- heart disease
What are some examples of Primary prevention?
vaccination
immunization
diet
exercise
What is primary prevention?
measures to promote health PRIOR to the onset of any recognizable problem
Prevents the onset of the disease
Secondary prevention includes:
Screening
pap smear
cholesterol check
dental exams
Methods to detect and address an existing disease prior to the appearance of symptoms
attempts to prevent an asymptomatic disease from progressing to symptomatic disease
Examples of tertiary prevention
cardiac or stroke rehab
Methods to reduce negative impact of symptomatic disease, such as disability or death, through rehabilitation and treatment
tertiary prevention attempts to reduce the damage caused by symptomatic disease by focusing on mental, physical, and social rehabilitation
What % is the recommended carbohydrate daily intake?
55-60%
How much protein does an adult need each day?
0.8-1gm/kg/day
The sicker the patient the higher their protein needs.
Exercise helps to decrease what type of cholesterol?
LDL
What is the AHA recommendation for exercise?
30 minutes or more on most days of the week with a targeted HR.
It doesn’t have to be 30 consecutive minutes
If your patient is over 35 and has NEVER had an exercise regimen, prior to starting exercise what 3 things should they have?
Complete history
complete medical exam
exercise stress test
What is the difference between the antigen and the antibody?
the antigen is “the bad guy”
the antibody is the substance that the body makes to fight the antigen
active immunity comes from what?
Antibody formation in response to an antigen
for example, tetanus toxoid is the antigen to which your body makes antibodies
passive immunization
gained by the introduction of gamma globulin injections
OR
from mom to fetus
The gamma globulin injection hgib is given to a patient with known hep B exposure who has not been previously_____.
This is an example of (active? or passive?) immunization because it involves gamma globulin.
vaccinated.
Passive immunity
Can people less than 65 years old with weakened immune systems or those living in a long term care facility receive pneumococcal vaccine?
Yes, people less than 65 years old with weakened immune systems SHOULD receive a pneumococcal vaccine.
Per the CDC, the recommendation for Hep A vaccine is for:
military
travelers to endemic areas
men who have sex with men
The CDC recommendation for Hep B vaccine is for:
all healthcare workers
high risk patients including sexually active adults
Is there a vaccine for hep A, hep B, and hep C?
There is a vaccine for hep A and hep B.
There is NO vaccination for hep C.
According to the CDC, who needs the Meningococcal vaccine?
all 11-12 year olds with a booster at age 16
adults living in college dorms
adult military
adult and pediatric patients with spleenectomy
