immunology

Question 1

resistance to HIV/AIDS drugs

Answer 1

low CD4 count

high viral load

Question 2

your viral load in HIV/AIDS should be

Answer 2

undetectable

“zero”

Question 3

What medication is used for prophylactic PNA in HIV/AIDS?

Answer 3

pneumocystis jirovecii PNA

bactrim

Question 4

The CDC recommends starting HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) by the time the CD4 count reaches

Answer 4

350 or less

Question 5

How long does seroconversion take after exposure?

Answer 5

3 weeks to 6 months

*how long does it go to show from HIV- to HIV + after exposure

Question 6

What test is the screening for HIV?

Answer 6

ELISA

Question 7

What is the confirmatory test for HIV?

Answer 7

Western Blot

Question 8

What does the early presentation of HIV at the time of seroconversion looks like what?

Answer 8

flu-like symptoms

(weight loss, fever, night sweats)

Question 9

The difference between HIV and AIDS:

Answer 9

CD4< 200 cells/uL

OR

HIV + presence of opportunistic infections

Question 10

DMARDS is a drug group that is used to treat rheumatic disease (rheumatiod arthritis)

Answer 10

NSAID + DMARDS = treatment for RA

corticosteroids

methotrexate (cheapest, anti cancer drug) monitor LFTs

antimalarials (hydrochlorquine/plaquinel)

gold salt injections (old school)

Question 11

Which side do you use the cane on

Answer 11

strong side

Question 12

Fasciotomy is effective if performed within____?

Answer 12

a few hours

Question 13

Stereotypical lupus patient

Answer 13

female of childbearing age

hair loss

fever

butterfly rash

Question 14

What test is 95% positive in lupus?

Answer 14

ANA your own antibody attacking you

Question 15

compartment syndrome

Answer 15

neuro symptoms early

pulseless cold last

Question 16

lupus labs:

Answer 16

ANA:

antiphospholipid bodies:

then be concerned for clotting disorders

anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

Question 17

What drugs can mimic lupus, but aren’t lupus.

If you think somebody has lupus you want to rule this out first

Answer 17

Look at their drug list

cardiac meds

oral contraceptives (women of childbearing age)

Question 18

What condition accounts for FUO in 15% of patients >65 y/o?

Answer 18

giant cell arteritis

elevated ESR

normal WBC

high fever up to 104 but no infection

HA

Question 19

treatment for giant cell arteritis

Answer 19

prednisone

Question 20

eye sign of chronic HTN

Answer 20

A/V nicking

Question 21

eye Normal cup/disk ratio: cup should not be more than 1/2 the size of the disk.

If the cup is greater than 1/2 sign of disk think

Answer 21

glaucoma

Question 22

eye signs in diabetic retinopathy

Answer 22

red signs (retinal hemorrhages, blot and dot hemorrhages)

cotton wool spots