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20th Century > Rise of Dictators Test > Flashcards

Rise of Dictators Test Flashcards

1
Q

Factors defining Japanese culture

A

Bushido code

Isolation

Struggling economy

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2
Q

Xenophobia

A

irrational fear of people from other countries

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3
Q

How did Japanese emperor use religion

A

Unifies the country through religion

Demagogue

Can manipulate country through it

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4
Q

Bushido code

A

Way of the warrior

Japanese society followed the code and were incredibly nationalistic

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5
Q

What did Japan compare themselves to in the quest for expansion?

A

Saw the spacious territories of other countries and felt that they were entitled to this territory to support their growing population

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6
Q

How did the education system prepare the Japanese for war

A

Textbooks were propaganda that made Japan look superior

Physical abuse by teachers

Psychological preparement by teachers

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7
Q

Washington Naval Conference

A

5 naval powers (included Japan)

Agreed to reduce naval strength

This weakened Japan?

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8
Q

Kellogg Briand Pact

A

1928

64 countries in pact

Said their national policy is not to pursue war, can only declare war in self defense

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9
Q

Loopholes in Kellogg Briand Pact

A

No consequences (no military force to back up)

Loophole: invade but never officially declare war

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10
Q

What are Japanese looking to get out of expansion?

A

Factories

Living space

Slaves

Natural resources

Military bases

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11
Q

Why does Japan chose to invade Manchuria?

A

Important natural resources (coal and iron)

Large space for crops

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12
Q

Reaction of League of Nations to Japan invading Manchuria

A

Write a letter of condemnation to Japan asking them to leave

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13
Q

How did Japan get around Kellog Briand Pact when it invaded Manchuria?

A

Said they were defending themselves

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14
Q

How did Japan react to the letter of condemnation from LON for Manchuria

A

Withdrew from LON

Sent more troops to Manchuria

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15
Q

How is Manchuria significant in Europe

A

Hitler and Mussolini are watching and seeing how LON is powerless

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16
Q

What did the Japanese think of themselves in 1930s?

A

They were superior

Could steam roll the Chinese in 3 months

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17
Q

Chinese vs. Japanese first fight

A

Shanghai

China puts up much better fight then expected

Makes Japanese mad and frustrated as they head towards Nanking

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18
Q

How long was Rape of Nanking?

A

Six week period

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19
Q

Examples of Crimes against humanity in Rape of Nanking

A

rape

arson

bayonet practice on living

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20
Q

Comfort Women System

A

In Nanking, women cooked during the day and then at night they were raped

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21
Q

What were women paid with in comfort system?

A

Opium and heroine to reintroduce China’s longtime drug problem

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22
Q

General Matsui

A

Overall commander at Nanking

Requested for mercy

Hung at War Crime Trials

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23
Q

Prince Yasuhiko Asaka

A

Overrided request for mercy

Gave order to kill all

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24
Q

John Magee

A

missionary in Nanking that was part of International Saftey Zone

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25
Q

International Saftey Zone

A

Saftey zone for Chinese in Nanking

Ran by 20 westerners

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26
Q

John Rabe

A

German member of Nazi party that helped Chinese during the rape of Nanking

Ironic

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27
Q

What did the west know about Nanking

A

Knew it was happening but did not really connect to it

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28
Q

Tokyo War Crimes Trials

A

Japanese surrendered as long as emperor not touched

7 criminals hung, including Matsui

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29
Q

Tripartite Pact

A

1940

Loose alliance between Japan, Germany, and Italy

Agree to sell resources to eachother, but do NOT give eachother military support

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30
Q

Axis Powers

A

Japan, Germany, Italy

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31
Q

Why did Japan invade French Indochina

A

National resources

Military bases

Staging point into Indonesia

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32
Q

Did Japanese invade french legally

A

Vichy in charge in France and they allow Japanese into French Indochina

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33
Q

Vichy

A

Temporary Nazi French government

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34
Q

US reaction to French Indochina invasion

A

Oil embargo on Japan

Embargo upsets Japanese and leds to Pearl Harbour

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35
Q

Why is US upset about Japanese invading French Indochina?

A

Phillipines is a US territory and they do NOT want Japanese that close to the Phillipines

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36
Q

Hideki Tojo

A

1941

Prime Minister of Japan

Very good at intellctual strategy and writing

Tojo balanced military and expansion

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37
Q

What order does Tojo give?

A

Gives order to attack Pearl Harbour

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38
Q

Goals of 1919 Italian Fascist Party

A

protect upper class

make Italy self-sufficent

Overcome class conflicts

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39
Q

Blackshirts

A

Original members of Mussolini’s fascist party

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40
Q

Blackshirts’ background

A

Disgruntled WW1 veterans

Felt that Italy was wronged in Paris Treaties

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41
Q

Blackshirts’ importance

A

Used violence to suppress political opposition

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42
Q

Vigilante justice

A

Acting outside the law to protect middle class and wealthy Italians

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43
Q

Who executed vigilante justice in fascist Italy?

A

Blackshirts

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44
Q

Mussolini’s background

A

Teacher

Editor of socialist newspaper

In WW1``

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45
Q

3 Problems Facing Italy after WW1

A

1) Parliament had collapsed
2) Internal social turmoil (industrial strikes)
3) Peasant revolts and land seizures

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46
Q

Mussolini and Political Chamellon

A

Musollini changes views to fit whatever crowd he is in

Started supporting workers than switched views when he saw interest for upper class protection

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47
Q

March on Rome

A

Fascist party controlled 34 seats in Chamber of Deputies (gaining support)

Victor Emmanuel III did not sign a decree to stop the fascists from marching and guaranted fascist success

48
Q

Outcome of the March on Rome

A

Mussolini was appointed to prime minister by the King

49
Q

Il Duce

A

Mussolini called himself this

Literally means “the Duke”

50
Q

What was significant about Mussolini calling himself Il Duce

A

Means that is the sole ruler of Italy

Start of totalitarianism

51
Q

How did Mussolini work the first 3 years?

A

Expected to work within the parliament

He puts powerful individuals in positions during these years

52
Q

Economic challenges during fascist government

A

Poor management from previous regime

International depression

Italy raised food prices

53
Q

Changes to Italian government under fascist rule

A

Allowed private ownership but all ownership was under the government’s umbrella

Focused on self-sufficency and production of goods

54
Q

Corporate state definition

A

Government does not take factories, but controls the decision making

55
Q

What did Italy hope to gain by attacking Ethiopia?

A

Mussolini wanted to avenge the humiliating defeat Italians had suffered in 1896

Restore Roman Imperial glory

56
Q

How was Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia a distraction?

A

It distracted the people and international community from recognizing the many domestic issues of Italy

57
Q

League of Nation’s reaction to Italian invasion of Ethiopia

A

Economic sanctions

58
Q

How did England and France react to Italian invasion of Ethiopia?

A

They continued to trade OIL with Mussolini

Britain allowed Italy to continue to use Suez Canal

59
Q

Rome-Berlin Axis

A

Created after the LON decision regarding Italy invading Ethiopia

Beginning of Mussolini and Hitler’s friendship

60
Q

Why was the 2nd Republic of Spain susceptible to revolution?

A

Composed of many small political factions

Differing believes which made the government ineffective

61
Q

Francisco Franco

A

Leader of Spanish fascist movement

62
Q

Franco’s march

A

Started in Spanish Morocco

63
Q

World powers interested in Spanish civil war and which side they supported

A

Germany/Italy: supported Franco

Soviet Union, US, Britain/France: supported the Spanish government

64
Q

Significance of Picasso’s Guernica

A

Depicts German bombing of small spanish town

Became representative of the atrocities of war

65
Q

Ernest Hemingway in Spain

A

Critic of fascism

Reported the violence in Spain

66
Q

Type of government under Alexander the III

A

Complete autocracy

Strictly censored anything written

Russian national language

Suppressed Jews

67
Q

3 words to describe Alexander III rule

A

Autocracy

Orthodoxy

Nationality

68
Q

Technological advancements in Russia under Czar Nicholas II

A

Russia industrialized

Became leading steel producer

Trans-Siberian highway

69
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution affect Russian citizens?

A

Working class Russians faced terrible working conditions

Huge gap between the rich and the poor

70
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

Russia is defeated by the Japanese

Sparked unrest and revolts at home

Nicholas rule

71
Q

Bloody Sunday demands

A

People came to the Winter Palace with a petition for better:

working conditions

personal freedoms

elected national legislature

72
Q

What happened when protestors marched on Bloody Sunday?

A

Generals ordered the soldiers to open fire into an unarmed crowd

73
Q

Outcome of Bloody Sunday

A

Sparked a wave of strikes and violence across Russia

Nicholas created the Duma

74
Q

Duma

A

Russia’s first parliament

Essentially powerless

75
Q

October Manifesto

A

Nicholas’s creation of the Duma

76
Q

Russia’s challenge during WW1

A

Did not have a prepared military

Germans had superior weaponry

77
Q

How did Czar Nicholas and Czarina Alexandra cause further unhappiness of the people during WW1

A

Nicholas went down to front lines and left Alexandra in charge

Alexandra placed Rasputin in charge which spread corruption throughout Russia

78
Q

Causes of March Revolution

A

Food and fuels supplies low

Inflated prices

People from all classes did not want war

79
Q

How did the Russian Revolution start?

A

Women textile workers in Petrograd led a citywide strike

Large riots over bread and fuel

Soldiers eventually joined protestors

80
Q

Why don’t people like Alexandra?

A

She is German

81
Q

Who is a big group in Russian Revolution?

A

Sailors

82
Q

Result of the Russian Revolution

A

Czar Nicholas forced to abdicate the thrown

83
Q

Government after the Russian Revolution

A

Provisional government

Dumas set up temporary government with Alexander Kerensky as head

84
Q

Who made up the provisional government?

A

Upper and middleclass liberals

85
Q

Why was the provisional government unpopular

A

Kerensky decided to keep fighting the war

86
Q

Soviets

A

Local councils consisting of workers and peasants

For the workers

87
Q

Successes of the Provisional Government

A

Forward thinking that granted advanced civil liberties

88
Q

How do Germans contribute to the Bolshevik Revolution?

A

Germans snuck Lenin back into Russia to led the Bolsheviks

Germany knew this would hurt Russia

89
Q

Leader of the Bolsheviks

A

Vladimir Lenin

90
Q

Bolshevik Revolution start

A

Bolsheviks took control of local soviets

Bolshevik Red Guards storm the Winter Palace

91
Q

Result of Bolshevik Revolution

A

Arrested the provisional government

took control in a matter of hours

92
Q

New government after Bolshevik Revolution

A

Lenin and the Bolsheviks gained control of Russia

93
Q

How did Lenin handle farmland

A

Distributed all the farmland among peasants

ended private property

94
Q

Factories and Lenin

A

gave control of the factories to the workers

95
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A

Stopped fighting between Russia and Germany

Humiliating terms triggered hatred towards Bolsheviks

96
Q

Two sides of Russia Civil War

A

Red Army: Bolsheviks

White Army: Coalition of all people that opposed the Bolshevikes

97
Q

Who did the US support during the Russian Civil War?

A

The White Army

98
Q

Outcome of the Russian Civil War

A

Red Army won and crushed opposition

Civil War took major hit on Russian people

15 million dead and large famine

Stopped production

99
Q

Romanov family

A

Traditional Czar ruling family

Killed after the civil war

100
Q

Why was the New Economic Policy needed?

A

Lenin had to slow down his revolution in the face of Russia’s problems

Had to stabilize the economy after the Civil War

Widespread starvation after Civil War

101
Q

New Economic Policy

A

Small scale version of capitalism

Allowed peasants to sell surplus crops instead of giving them to the government

Government still controlled major industries

102
Q

3 main political reforms prior to Lenin’s death

A

Organized Russia into self-governing republics under a central government (USSR)

Party renamed the Communist Party. Party becomes a dictatorship

Made a constitution based on social and democratic principles

103
Q

What was Lenin’s dying opinion about Stalin?

A

He was “too rude and rough”

Urged for him not to become leader

104
Q

Economic change under Stalin

A

New Economic Policy becomes State Planning Commission

105
Q

State Planning Commission

A

(State=Stalin!)

Prices established by the central government

Commission established production goals and determined how the goals would be met

106
Q

Why did Stalin create the Five Year Plans?

A

He wanted to industrially Modernize Russia

107
Q

Collectivization

A

Stalin’s five year plan

Farmers forced to give up land, so it could be cultivated cooperatively

108
Q

Stalin’s Famine

A

Stalin creates a famine in Ukraine to punish agricultural workers

Police go house to house and steal food

West doesn’t know this is occurring

109
Q

Gulag

A

Forced labor camps where people worked to death

Kolyma=worst Gulag

Stalin

110
Q

How did Stalin finish creating a totalitarian state?

A

The Purges

111
Q

The Purges

A

1 million shot

Even more sent to Gulags

Stalin is “purging” Russia of any opposition to his rule

Military officials and elite killed

112
Q

What affect did the Purges have during World War II

A

Lost the necessary military experience and intellectual knowledge to help fight Germany

113
Q

Corporatism

A

Italy

Planned economy linked to private ownership of capital and to government rule over labor disputes

114
Q

Syndicates

A

Italy

Grouped into labor and management

Believed that labor and management needed to work together to make Italy self-sufficent

115
Q

The Second Republic

A

Name for Spain after collapse of monarchy

Spain became democratic republic

116
Q

How did the West support Spain?

A

Not well, not enough to win

Non-Intervention Pact

117
Q

Leon Trotsky

A

Leader of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War

Lenin’s right hand man

20th Century (14 decks)

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