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20th Century > 1960s > Flashcards

1960s Flashcards

1
Q

Democrat candidate in 1960 election

A

JFK

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2
Q

Republican candidate in 1960 election

A

Nixon

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3
Q

Events that helped JFK win election

A
  1. Televised debates (charismatic)
  2. Kennedy brothers persuade Georgia judge to release MLK
  3. JFK has support from Eleanor Roosevelt
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4
Q

Mandate in 1960 vs. 1964

A

JFK only won the election by 1%. Therefore, he did not have the popular mandate.

Lyndon B. Johnson won the election by huge margins. He had the popular mandate

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5
Q

Strengths and Weaknesses of Kennedy

A

Strength: Charisma

Weakness: Inexperienced and Catholic

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6
Q

Strengths and Weaknesses of Nixon

A

Strength: Experienced, worked with Eisenhower

Weakness: Lacked charisma on TV

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7
Q

JFK’s cabinet

A

Very young

Incredibly smart (Harvard)

Aldai Stevenson and Robert Kennedy were on it

Public thought they were inexperienced

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8
Q

New Frontier

A

Kennedy’s legislative program for the USA to be new pioneers

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9
Q

Provisions of New Frontier

A

Medical care for the aged

Rebuild urban areas

Aid for education

Civil Rights

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10
Q

Problems JFK faced with the New Frontier

A

Lacked popular mandate

Conservative Republicans and Southern Democrats in Congress won’t support it

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11
Q

Camelot

A

The charisma of JFK captured the world

Made young people feel involved

Glamorous first lady

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12
Q

Jackie Kennedy in the White House

A

Focused on bringing an appreciation for fine arts by inviting prominent artists and musicians to social events

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13
Q

Alan Shepard

A

First American man to enter space

entire trip was only 15 minutes

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14
Q

John Glenn

A

First American to orbit Earth

Actually with Robert Kennedy when he was shot

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15
Q

Neil Armstrong

A

First man to walk on the moon

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16
Q

Kennedy and the Space Race

A

Approached Khrushchev twice about a joint space venture

Khrushchev turned him down the first time, but accepted in 1963

Then JFK died

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17
Q

Expansion of the space program

A

Universities expanded science programs

Massive amounts of federal funding for research and development led to new industries and technologies

Led to space and defense related industries (job creation)

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18
Q

Overview of JFK inaugural address

A

Spoke largely about international matters and stoping the spread of communism

Calls on fellow Americans to step up for their country

Does NOT address Civil Rights Movement

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19
Q

Flexible response

A

The build up of conventional troops and weapons to be able to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons

Created the Special Forces

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20
Q

Mutually Assured Destruction

A

the understanding that each side has the power to counteract a nuclear attack, therefore leading to total destruction

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21
Q

Significance of the Peace Corps

A

Placed emphasis on volunteering for country

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22
Q

Alliance for Progress

A

Helped stop communist influence in Latin America

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23
Q

Two organizations Kennedy made for containment

A

Peace Corps

Alliance for Progress

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23
Q

Two organizations Kennedy made for containment

A

Peace Corps

Alliance for Progress

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24
Q

Johnson and the 88th Congress

A

During this time period more legislation was passed than any other congress

Johnson used “the Treatment” to convince congress to due what he wanted

Twisted arms, used political knowledge, and humor

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25
Q

Who was Johnson’s hero

A

Franklin Roosevelt

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26
Q

Johnson and Civil Rights

A

Civil rights act of 1964

Ratify the 24th amendment

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27
Q

The Revenue Act

A

1964

Tax reduction bill to help stimulate the economy

Great success

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28
Q

Economic opportunity act

A

1 billions towards increasing employment opportunities and training for the poor

Job Corps, Head Start, VISTA were produced as a result

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29
Q

Election of 1964 democrat

A

Lyndon B. Johnson

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30
Q

Election of 1964 republican

A

Barry M. Goldwater

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31
Q

Barry M Goldwater

A

Republican in 1964 election

Extremely conservative from Arizona

Voted against civil rights, social security, and welfare

Wanted US to withdraw from UN

32
Q

Johnson’s Great Society

A

1965

Greatest REFORM agenda since Roosevelt’s new deal

33
Q

Examples of Great Society

A

Medicare

Civil rights legislation

Federal aid to education

34
Q

What did Johnson hope to accomplish right after being elected?

A

He wanted to push reform through congress quickly before he lost his mandate

35
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

Leader of Viet Minh in the North

National hero who fought Japanese and French

Took over French estates and distributed it to the poor

36
Q

What was Ho Chi Minh’s involvement in the South

A

The North Vietnamese army supported the Vietcong

Fought Americans

37
Q

NGO Dinh Diem

A

Corrupt government canceled free elections

Kept French estates for himself

Restricted buddhism cause he is a catholic

38
Q

What did the public think of Diem?

A

He was hated by both communists and non-communists

39
Q

Vietcong

A

South Communist opposition trying to overthrow the government and unite with Viet Minh in the north

Fought Americans with the support of peasants

40
Q

What role did Kennedy have in the Vietnam war?

A

Kennedy expanded aid and military advisors in Vietnam

JFK didn’t want to back down in Asia after his failures with Bay of Pigs and the Berlin Wall

41
Q

What happened to Diem?

A

He was assainated in 1963

Peasants were being removed from homes and relocated to government run farms

Led Buddhist monks to set themselves on fire

42
Q

Kennedy and Diem

A

Kennedy supported the Catholics in South Vietnam during the 1963 coup

Thought this might help us negotiate

43
Q

Kennedy’s plans prior to death

A

Stated that he was strongly considering pulling out of Vietnam

44
Q

What announcement did Johnson make to the American people before Vietnam?

A

Three north Vietnamese gunships attacked the USS Maddox in the gulf of Tonkin

45
Q

Gulf of Tonkin resolution

A

Congress gave Johnson the power to repel any aggression towards the United States

The was not a declaration of war

Considered a mistake to give Johnson this power

46
Q

Why started the Americanization of the war?

A

Gulf of Tonkin resolution

Johnson commits ground forces

47
Q

Rolling thunder

A

Mass bombing of the North Vietnamese targets

48
Q

Challenges faced by the United States in Vietnam

A

Fighting for the abstract idea of containing communism

Fighting using guerrilla tactics

In unfamiliar jungle territory

49
Q

Why was the US not popular with the South Vietnamese?

A

Search and destroy missions (used body count to determine success)

My Lai (South Vietnamese commanded on death missions)

50
Q

What weapons did we use in Vietnam?

A

Napalm (firebombing)

Agent Orange (herbicide used to kill vegetation and expose the enemy)

51
Q

What tactics did VC use

A

Geurilla warfare

Underground tunnels

52
Q

Credibility Gap

A

Johnson deceived the American public by saying the Vietnam war was improving

The body count and media showed a different story

53
Q

Living room war

A

Vietnam was the first war that Americans watched on the their televisions

54
Q

Tet Offensive

A

North Vietnamese and VC stage surprise attacks

Turning point in the war. Vietnamese control 26 cities

Realized that body count cannot be used to determine success

55
Q

3 Steps taken by Nixon to remove the United States from the Vietnam war

A
  1. Peace talks begin in Paris
  2. Scaled back US involvement
  3. Vietnamization
56
Q

Vietnamization

A

1969

Withdraw of US troops in order for the South Vietnamese to become more involved in combat

57
Q

Vietnam 1975

A

Saigon fell to the North Vietnamese

Vietnam is united under communism

58
Q

What happened at Kent state

A

Shooting of unarmed student protesters at Kent State University

59
Q

Pentagon papers

A

Leaked Documents said to show unconstitutional behavior surrounding a series of presidents during the Vietnam war

60
Q

Outcomes of the Vietnam war

A

Many US casualties

Killed Great Society

Divided American society

Tarnished america’s global image

62
Q

War Powers Act

A

1973

Limits power of president to wage war without approval of congress

63
Q

Bay of Pigs

A

Failed military attempt to use a guerilla army of Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro

64
Q

Cause of Bay of Pigs

A

Castro was developing ties with the Soviet Union

65
Q

Why did Bay of Pigs fail?

A

The airstrike completely failed ahead of time leaving foot solidiers alone

Paratroopers land in wrong place

Cuba knows what is going on

Exiles surrender

66
Q

Outcomes of Bay of Pigs

A

Kennedy will never committ to Americans going into Cuba

Operation Mongoose started

Set the stage for the Cuban Missile crisis

67
Q

Cause of Berlin Crisis and date

A

Krushchev delivers a speech in which he demands that Western powers pull out of West Berlin

1958

68
Q

Outcome of Berlin Crisis

A

NEED TO FIND OUT

69
Q

Cause of Cuban Missile Crisis

A

USSR didn’t like that we had missiles in Turkey

Installed missiles in Cuba

70
Q

What option did Executive Committee present for Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

Airstrike and remove Castro from power

71
Q

What option did Kennedy pursue for Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

Quarantine on shipments from USSR

72
Q

October 22, Cuban Missile Crisis

A

Kennedy addressed the American people and said that any attack from Cuba will be linked with the Soviets and we will counterattack

73
Q

What was Krushev’s response to Kenney’s October 22 speech?

A

The missiles were defensive only

Not going to be used to attack

74
Q

How was military preparing incase Cuba launched missiles?

A

Armed forces placed on alert

US subs stationed off coasts

Nuclear warheads in air 24/7

Marines ready to invade

75
Q

Significant outcomes of Cuban missile crisis

A

Vindicated Flexible response

Kennedy and US gained new prestige

Khruschev replaced by BREZHNEV

Hotline established giving direct communication between White House and the Kremlin

Prevent nuclear war

76
Q

Warren Commission

A

Investigates Kennedy’s death

States that Lee Harvey Oswald is lone killer

Three shots (magic bullet)

77
Q

1963 Major Events

A

Children’s March

Medgar Evers

March on Washington

78
Q

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

A

1963

USSR and USA suspended nuclear testing

Result of Cuban Missile Crisis

79
Q

Truman and Eisenhower and Vietnam

A

French indochina

They give money to the French

Don’t sign Geneva Accords and recongize Diem

Worried about Domino effect

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20th Century (14 decks)

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