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20th Century > 1970s through 2000 > Flashcards

1970s through 2000 Flashcards

1
Q

New Federalism

A

Nixon’s domestic policy

Increased the amount of power that smaller government offices had

Top down

Focus on women’s rights and environment

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2
Q

Nixon’s Enemies List

A

List of major political opponents

Used to target them for taxes, wiretap, and trail them

Exposed during Watergate

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3
Q

Nixon Monetary Policy (1971)

A

Ended dollar to gold convertibility

Implement price controls

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4
Q

Why did Nixon end dollar to gold convertability?

A

Thought it would cure inflation

International nations had lots of gold

Balance debt

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5
Q

26th Amendment

A

Nixon

Lowered voting age to 18

Since old enough to fight in Vietnam, they should be old enough to vote

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6
Q

Roe vs. Wade

A

Supreme court case legalizes abortion as a nation

Opposed to allowing states to choose

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7
Q

OPEC

A

Cartel of primarily middle eastern countries that want to keep prices high

Mad at US for high prices, use oil as weapon

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8
Q

Reasons for 1973 Oil Embargo

A

Power: shower West that OPEC was in control

Profit

Punishment for Western support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War

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9
Q

Stagflation

A

Increasing inflation and increasing unemployment

Started in 1973 Oil Crisis

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10
Q

Impoundment

A

To push forward New Federalism, Nixon withholds money from social programs

Judges force him to release funds

He adds their names to the enemies list

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11
Q

Spiro Agnew

A

Nixon’s VP

Resigns due to scandal regarding accepting bribes while governor of Maryland

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12
Q

Who replaces Spiro Agnew

A

Gerald Ford

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13
Q

What was Watergate?

A

Nixon was accused of misusing government agencies (FBI, CIA, IRS) to punish those on the enemies list

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14
Q

When did Watergate begin?

A

5 men break into the DNC headquarters in Watergate during the 1972 campaign

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15
Q

Nixon and the Tapes

A

Senate investigators demand that Nixon turns over the tapes

18 1/2 minute section missing “smoking gun”

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16
Q

Nixon’s Resignation

A

First president in US history to resign

Ford becomes President

Ford pardons Nixon months later and makes people mad

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17
Q

Realpolitik

A

Nixon

Move away from containing communism

Focus more on domestic problems

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18
Q

Detente defintion

A

Exists when two countries with a tension-filled relationship find talking points to begin working through their differences

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19
Q

Nixon visits China outcomes

A

Work with China in the Pacific

Regonize the Communist government

Allow communists to take permanent seat in UN security council

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20
Q

Nixon vists USSR

A

Meets with Brezhnev to help lower tensions

Detente

SALT I Treaty

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21
Q

SALT I Treaty

A

Strategic Arm Limititation Treaty

Suspends the arms race

Can’t build certain nuclear missiles

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22
Q

War Powers Act

A

Limited the power of the president to take war actions

Johnson in Vietnam

Nixon in Cambodia

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23
Q

Yom Kippur War

A

Arab-Israeli War

Egypt and Syria attacked Israel on one of their holy days to regain land lost during 6 day war

Nixon supports Israelis (OPEC mad)

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24
Q

Facts about Ford

A

Only president not elected by the people (replace Spiro Agnew, replace Nixon)

Didn’t get along with Democratic congress

Pardoned Nixon for Watergate and people hated that

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25
What political party was Ford
Republican
26
WIN Program
Ford Whip Inflation Now Voluntary program to cut back prices, accept wage freezes, and conserve energy use
27
Ford's tight money policy
Tried to cut federal spending and refused to lower taxes Leads to the worst economic recession in 40 years
28
Ford's foreign policy
Continues Nixon's realpolitik
29
Helsinki Accords
Ford 35 nations promised greater cooperation in Eastern/Western Europe His big accomplisment
30
Carter's domestic policy
Won the 1976 election because people wanted someone outside of Watergate scandal Created the Department of Energy and the Department of Education
31
Three Mile Island
Three Mile Island was the worst nuclear powerplant disaster in US history. Limited nuclear plats from being mad
32
Carter's economic policy
Stagflation continued to exist Factory jobs decreasing because of foreign competition and new machines Service jobs required more education Trade Deficit
33
Trade Deficit
Under Carter Importing more than exporting Furthered stagflation because companies laid off workers
34
Carter's foreign policy
Rejected realpolitik Focused on human rights Ex: cut support to South American dictators
35
Camp David Accords
1978 President Carter President Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel Peace treaty following the 6 day and Yom Kippur Wars
36
Significant Outcomes of the Camp David Accords
Overall not much happened Fighting did not stop between Israel and Palestine However, Israel and Egypt do work together okay today and the USA supports both of them
37
Panama Canal Decision 1977
Part of Carter's human rights policy Gives the canal back to Panama Allows the United States to defend the canal at anytime
38
Carter and Detente
Detente deterioates Carter criticizes the lack of human rights in USSR Signed extenstion to SALT I treaty with Breshnev but congress never ratified it
39
Soviet Union Invades Afghanistan
Want to shore up a newly formed communist party Proxy War: the united states supplied support to the rebel groups
40
Effects of USSR Invasion of Afghanistan
Osama Bin Laden learns skills to fight Carter is unwilling to work on SALT II treaty
41
Iranian revolution
The US Supported Shah is widely unpopular and has to leave Iran for medical treatments Ayatollah Khomeni became the new religious leader of Iran and created a theocracy He became a terrible dictator and killed many people
42
Iran hostage crisis
Protesting students take 52 US hostages Carter ineffictively is able to help them Many plans to rescue them fail miserably
43
End and Results of Iran hostage crisis
US returns Shah's wealth to Iran Promise not to interfere in Iranian politics and buisness
44
Saddam Hussein comes to power in Iraq (1979)
Radical political ideas Wants to control the Persian Gulf's oil Has secret police force to kill Attacked Iran and started Iran-Iraq War
45
Iran-Iraq War
Hussein invades Iran Wants to take their oil and other countries oil too Many Arab countries side with Hussein because they are skepitcal of shiites Hussein uses chemical weapons UN resolution ends the war
46
Why did Carter loose to Reagan?
Carter had failure with the hostage crisis, reducing inflation Carter more interested in playing secretary of state during Helsinki accords Reagan seemed to have a plan for everything and was super charismatic
47
Reagan and Congress
Reagan had the mandate and a republican congress so he was able to pass many things through
48
Reaganomics
Supply side economics Cut social programs Cut taxes (people spend extra money)
49
Effects of Reaganomics
Decreased inflation Tripled national debt more homelessness less government investment in US companies
50
Reagan's Increased Defense Spending
Modernized our military to prepare for Soviet attack Incredibly costly (debt) STAR WARS: strategic defense system that was never finished because cold war ended
51
Sandra Day O' Connor
First woman to be supreme court justice Reagan must have appointed
52
Challenger explodes
Reagan delivers heartfelt speech about slipping the surly bonds of earth to touch the face of god
53
Rollback
Reagan doctrine Reagan's foreign policy focused on openly trying to rollback communism Supported guerilla rebel groups in Communist countries More aggressive containment policy
54
Reagan's change in foreign policy
Switch from rollback to detente Gorbachev opens up the Soviet Union
55
1980s Nicaragua
The anti-communist dictatorship that USA is supporting is overthrown by Sandinistas (communist rebels) Sandinistas set up government, and contras are rebel group working against them Reagan asks Congress to support the contras Congress doesn't, but the CIA works alone
56
Background on Iran-Contra Scandal
The CIA was supplying Iran weapons in exchange for hostages clearly breaking the weapons embargo The CIA was also supplying the Contra with weapons breaking the BOLAND AMENDEMENT
57
How did people find out about Iran-Contra?
Lebanese newspaper writes about trading arms for hostages and Congress investigates Same time a plane crashes in Nicaragua with a CIA agent and tons of military weapons
58
Oliver North
Diverted funds from the arms deals to the contras Thought the National Security Advisor and President Reagan were on his side
59
Outcome of Iran-Contra
Reagan is investigated for ties to the scandal, but none are found 14 people were charged
60
Beirut Lebanon
UN Peacekeeping Task Two trucks full of explosives went off and killed tons of marines (most since WW2) Lead to withdrawal from Lebananon Reagan
61
Grenada
New leader took over and made ties with Castro Reagan sent troops in to "protect medical students" when in reality he was trying to stop the spread of communism in the West Pro-american government took over
62
US Bombing of Libya
After a terrorist attack in West Berlin on US soliders Reagan hits Libyan (Qaddafi) key targets with bombs
63
Reagan and Berlin
Made speech to tear down the Berlin wall
64
Gorbachev rise to power
1985 Youngest leader of the Soviet Union Pursued detente with George Bush after bush extended an invitation for a summit meeting
64
Gorbachev rise to power
1985 Youngest leader of the Soviet Union Pursued detente with George Bush after bush extended an invitation for a summit meeting
65
Perestroika
Gorbachev economic reform Focused on decentralizing the government and starting to implement capitalism into the economy
66
Glasnost
Openness Thought that people needed to be able to speak about problems Thought this would save the communist party
67
New thinking
Gorbachev reform Time for the Soviet Bloc to decide on its own government and reforms Won't interfere with the Warsaw Pact
68
Lech Walesa
A polish electrician who became a trade union organizer and human rights activitist Lead the solidarity movement Eventually elected President of Poland
69
Solidarity
Poland Originally a trade union to demand more workers rights Grew to demand political freedoms for all of Poland Couldn't be suppressed by the government
70
Chernobyl Disaster
Ukraine An explosion and fire at the Chernobyl Power Plant Releases large qualities of radioactive material into the environment
71
What political party is George HW Bush
Republican | Go Texas
72
Election of 1988
Bush defeats Michael Dukakis Promises to continue the legacy of Reagan
73
Bush's connection to the Reagan era
Under Reagan taxes got higher to pay for Rollback Bush says he won't do that, but this gets in trouble because during the recession there were taxes and job losses
74
Operation Just Cause The Invasion of Pananma
During the Cold War, Noriega had helped the United States gain Latin American intelligence Then, Noriega seized control of Panama and set up a dictatorship The United States goes into another country!!! to arrest their leader
76
Persian Gulf War
UN Police Action Operation Desert Storm Led by the United States against Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait
77
Build-up to Persian Gulf War
Iraq was indebt to Kuwait following fighting Iran Iraq invades Kuwait to gain "living space" and to remove debt Iraqi troops tortured the citizens
78
Phase 1 and 2 of Persian Gulf War
Phase 1: Air assualt Phase 2: Commit ground forces. War was quick only 100 hours
79
Outcomes of the Persian Gulf War
First 24 hour televised war Huge environmental damage when Iraq burned Kuwait's oil wells
80
Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe
Poland created first cracks in Iron Curtain Demonstrations created domino effect Now people could protest without fear due to New Thinking
81
How is Tiannanmen Square different that protests in Eastern Europe?
Chinese government sent tanks in on students
82
Collapse of Berlin Wall (1989)
Symbolized that communism was dying in Eastern Europe
83
What political party is Bill Clinton?
Democrat | you better know that
84
First attack on WTC
Under Bill Clinton Truck bomb in base of North Towaer Wanted to end aid to Israel
85
Oslo Accords
Clinton Settlement between Palestinean and Israel leaders
86
Somalia Background
Wardlord was engineering a famine UN Peacekeeping Force
87
Blackhawk Down and Clinton
Operation in Magadishu goes wrong Clinton administration recieved backlash for reducing humanitarian aid here
88
Rwanda Overview and Clinton
Between the Hutus and Tutsi 100 days of terror Clinton administration did nothing because of failure of Somalia
89
NAFTA
USA, Canada, and Mexico work to break down trade barriers between them
90
Oklahoma City Bombing
Veteran of Persian Gulf War sets off homemade bomb at federal building in Oklahoma
91
Differences between Czechsolvakia and Yugoslavia
Czechs break up peacefully Yugo has full out genocide
92
Slobodan Milsosevic
Serbian Ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia
93
Maastricht Treaty
Created the European Union One monetary system Goal: to be competitive with USA and Japan
94
Economic Union
Area without internal barriers to trade Free flow

20th Century (14 decks)

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