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20th Century > 1970s through 2000 > Flashcards

1970s through 2000 Flashcards

1
Q

New Federalism

A

Nixon’s domestic policy

Increased the amount of power that smaller government offices had

Top down

Focus on women’s rights and environment

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2
Q

Nixon’s Enemies List

A

List of major political opponents

Used to target them for taxes, wiretap, and trail them

Exposed during Watergate

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3
Q

Nixon Monetary Policy (1971)

A

Ended dollar to gold convertibility

Implement price controls

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4
Q

Why did Nixon end dollar to gold convertability?

A

Thought it would cure inflation

International nations had lots of gold

Balance debt

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5
Q

26th Amendment

A

Nixon

Lowered voting age to 18

Since old enough to fight in Vietnam, they should be old enough to vote

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6
Q

Roe vs. Wade

A

Supreme court case legalizes abortion as a nation

Opposed to allowing states to choose

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7
Q

OPEC

A

Cartel of primarily middle eastern countries that want to keep prices high

Mad at US for high prices, use oil as weapon

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8
Q

Reasons for 1973 Oil Embargo

A

Power: shower West that OPEC was in control

Profit

Punishment for Western support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War

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9
Q

Stagflation

A

Increasing inflation and increasing unemployment

Started in 1973 Oil Crisis

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10
Q

Impoundment

A

To push forward New Federalism, Nixon withholds money from social programs

Judges force him to release funds

He adds their names to the enemies list

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11
Q

Spiro Agnew

A

Nixon’s VP

Resigns due to scandal regarding accepting bribes while governor of Maryland

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12
Q

Who replaces Spiro Agnew

A

Gerald Ford

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13
Q

What was Watergate?

A

Nixon was accused of misusing government agencies (FBI, CIA, IRS) to punish those on the enemies list

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14
Q

When did Watergate begin?

A

5 men break into the DNC headquarters in Watergate during the 1972 campaign

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15
Q

Nixon and the Tapes

A

Senate investigators demand that Nixon turns over the tapes

18 1/2 minute section missing “smoking gun”

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16
Q

Nixon’s Resignation

A

First president in US history to resign

Ford becomes President

Ford pardons Nixon months later and makes people mad

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17
Q

Realpolitik

A

Nixon

Move away from containing communism

Focus more on domestic problems

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18
Q

Detente defintion

A

Exists when two countries with a tension-filled relationship find talking points to begin working through their differences

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19
Q

Nixon visits China outcomes

A

Work with China in the Pacific

Regonize the Communist government

Allow communists to take permanent seat in UN security council

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20
Q

Nixon vists USSR

A

Meets with Brezhnev to help lower tensions

Detente

SALT I Treaty

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21
Q

SALT I Treaty

A

Strategic Arm Limititation Treaty

Suspends the arms race

Can’t build certain nuclear missiles

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22
Q

War Powers Act

A

Limited the power of the president to take war actions

Johnson in Vietnam

Nixon in Cambodia

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23
Q

Yom Kippur War

A

Arab-Israeli War

Egypt and Syria attacked Israel on one of their holy days to regain land lost during 6 day war

Nixon supports Israelis (OPEC mad)

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24
Q

Facts about Ford

A

Only president not elected by the people (replace Spiro Agnew, replace Nixon)

Didn’t get along with Democratic congress

Pardoned Nixon for Watergate and people hated that

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25
Q

What political party was Ford

A

Republican

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26
Q

WIN Program

A

Ford

Whip Inflation Now

Voluntary program to cut back prices, accept wage freezes, and conserve energy use

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27
Q

Ford’s tight money policy

A

Tried to cut federal spending and refused to lower taxes

Leads to the worst economic recession in 40 years

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28
Q

Ford’s foreign policy

A

Continues Nixon’s realpolitik

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29
Q

Helsinki Accords

A

Ford

35 nations promised greater cooperation in Eastern/Western Europe

His big accomplisment

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30
Q

Carter’s domestic policy

A

Won the 1976 election because people wanted someone outside of Watergate scandal

Created the Department of Energy and the Department of Education

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31
Q

Three Mile Island

A

Three Mile Island was the worst nuclear powerplant disaster in US history. Limited nuclear plats from being mad

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32
Q

Carter’s economic policy

A

Stagflation continued to exist

Factory jobs decreasing because of foreign competition and new machines

Service jobs required more education

Trade Deficit

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33
Q

Trade Deficit

A

Under Carter

Importing more than exporting

Furthered stagflation because companies laid off workers

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34
Q

Carter’s foreign policy

A

Rejected realpolitik

Focused on human rights

Ex: cut support to South American dictators

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35
Q

Camp David Accords

A

1978

President Carter

President Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt

Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel

Peace treaty following the 6 day and Yom Kippur Wars

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36
Q

Significant Outcomes of the Camp David Accords

A

Overall not much happened

Fighting did not stop between Israel and Palestine

However, Israel and Egypt do work together okay today and the USA supports both of them

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37
Q

Panama Canal Decision 1977

A

Part of Carter’s human rights policy

Gives the canal back to Panama

Allows the United States to defend the canal at anytime

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38
Q

Carter and Detente

A

Detente deterioates

Carter criticizes the lack of human rights in USSR

Signed extenstion to SALT I treaty with Breshnev but congress never ratified it

39
Q

Soviet Union Invades Afghanistan

A

Want to shore up a newly formed communist party

Proxy War: the united states supplied support to the rebel groups

40
Q

Effects of USSR Invasion of Afghanistan

A

Osama Bin Laden learns skills to fight

Carter is unwilling to work on SALT II treaty

41
Q

Iranian revolution

A

The US Supported Shah is widely unpopular and has to leave Iran for medical treatments

Ayatollah Khomeni became the new religious leader of Iran and created a theocracy

He became a terrible dictator and killed many people

42
Q

Iran hostage crisis

A

Protesting students take 52 US hostages

Carter ineffictively is able to help them

Many plans to rescue them fail miserably

43
Q

End and Results of Iran hostage crisis

A

US returns Shah’s wealth to Iran

Promise not to interfere in Iranian politics and buisness

44
Q

Saddam Hussein comes to power in Iraq (1979)

A

Radical political ideas

Wants to control the Persian Gulf’s oil

Has secret police force to kill

Attacked Iran and started Iran-Iraq War

45
Q

Iran-Iraq War

A

Hussein invades Iran

Wants to take their oil and other countries oil too

Many Arab countries side with Hussein because they are skepitcal of shiites

Hussein uses chemical weapons

UN resolution ends the war

46
Q

Why did Carter loose to Reagan?

A

Carter had failure with the hostage crisis, reducing inflation

Carter more interested in playing secretary of state during Helsinki accords

Reagan seemed to have a plan for everything and was super charismatic

47
Q

Reagan and Congress

A

Reagan had the mandate and a republican congress so he was able to pass many things through

48
Q

Reaganomics

A

Supply side economics

Cut social programs

Cut taxes (people spend extra money)

49
Q

Effects of Reaganomics

A

Decreased inflation

Tripled national debt

more homelessness

less government investment in US companies

50
Q

Reagan’s Increased Defense Spending

A

Modernized our military to prepare for Soviet attack

Incredibly costly (debt)

STAR WARS: strategic defense system that was never finished because cold war ended

51
Q

Sandra Day O’ Connor

A

First woman to be supreme court justice

Reagan must have appointed

52
Q

Challenger explodes

A

Reagan delivers heartfelt speech about slipping the surly bonds of earth to touch the face of god

53
Q

Rollback

A

Reagan doctrine

Reagan’s foreign policy focused on openly trying to rollback communism

Supported guerilla rebel groups in Communist countries

More aggressive containment policy

54
Q

Reagan’s change in foreign policy

A

Switch from rollback to detente

Gorbachev opens up the Soviet Union

55
Q

1980s Nicaragua

A

The anti-communist dictatorship that USA is supporting is overthrown by Sandinistas (communist rebels)

Sandinistas set up government, and contras are rebel group working against them

Reagan asks Congress to support the contras

Congress doesn’t, but the CIA works alone

56
Q

Background on Iran-Contra Scandal

A

The CIA was supplying Iran weapons in exchange for hostages clearly breaking the weapons embargo

The CIA was also supplying the Contra with weapons breaking the BOLAND AMENDEMENT

57
Q

How did people find out about Iran-Contra?

A

Lebanese newspaper writes about trading arms for hostages and Congress investigates

Same time a plane crashes in Nicaragua with a CIA agent and tons of military weapons

58
Q

Oliver North

A

Diverted funds from the arms deals to the contras

Thought the National Security Advisor and President Reagan were on his side

59
Q

Outcome of Iran-Contra

A

Reagan is investigated for ties to the scandal, but none are found

14 people were charged

60
Q

Beirut Lebanon

A

UN Peacekeeping Task

Two trucks full of explosives went off and killed tons of marines (most since WW2)

Lead to withdrawal from Lebananon

Reagan

61
Q

Grenada

A

New leader took over and made ties with Castro

Reagan sent troops in to “protect medical students” when in reality he was trying to stop the spread of communism in the West

Pro-american government took over

62
Q

US Bombing of Libya

A

After a terrorist attack in West Berlin on US soliders

Reagan hits Libyan (Qaddafi) key targets with bombs

63
Q

Reagan and Berlin

A

Made speech to tear down the Berlin wall

64
Q

Gorbachev rise to power

A

1985

Youngest leader of the Soviet Union

Pursued detente with George Bush after bush extended an invitation for a summit meeting

64
Q

Gorbachev rise to power

A

1985

Youngest leader of the Soviet Union

Pursued detente with George Bush after bush extended an invitation for a summit meeting

65
Q

Perestroika

A

Gorbachev economic reform

Focused on decentralizing the government and starting to implement capitalism into the economy

66
Q

Glasnost

A

Openness

Thought that people needed to be able to speak about problems

Thought this would save the communist party

67
Q

New thinking

A

Gorbachev reform

Time for the Soviet Bloc to decide on its own government and reforms

Won’t interfere with the Warsaw Pact

68
Q

Lech Walesa

A

A polish electrician who became a trade union organizer and human rights activitist

Lead the solidarity movement

Eventually elected President of Poland

69
Q

Solidarity

A

Poland

Originally a trade union to demand more workers rights

Grew to demand political freedoms for all of Poland

Couldn’t be suppressed by the government

70
Q

Chernobyl Disaster

A

Ukraine

An explosion and fire at the Chernobyl Power Plant

Releases large qualities of radioactive material into the environment

71
Q

What political party is George HW Bush

A

Republican

Go Texas

72
Q

Election of 1988

A

Bush defeats Michael Dukakis

Promises to continue the legacy of Reagan

73
Q

Bush’s connection to the Reagan era

A

Under Reagan taxes got higher to pay for Rollback

Bush says he won’t do that, but this gets in trouble because during the recession there were taxes and job losses

74
Q

Operation Just Cause

The Invasion of Pananma

A

During the Cold War, Noriega had helped the United States gain Latin American intelligence

Then, Noriega seized control of Panama and set up a dictatorship

The United States goes into another country!!! to arrest their leader

76
Q

Persian Gulf War

A

UN Police Action

Operation Desert Storm

Led by the United States against Iraq’s invasion and annexation of Kuwait

77
Q

Build-up to Persian Gulf War

A

Iraq was indebt to Kuwait following fighting Iran

Iraq invades Kuwait to gain “living space” and to remove debt

Iraqi troops tortured the citizens

78
Q

Phase 1 and 2 of Persian Gulf War

A

Phase 1: Air assualt

Phase 2: Commit ground forces. War was quick only 100 hours

79
Q

Outcomes of the Persian Gulf War

A

First 24 hour televised war

Huge environmental damage when Iraq burned Kuwait’s oil wells

80
Q

Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe

A

Poland created first cracks in Iron Curtain

Demonstrations created domino effect

Now people could protest without fear due to New Thinking

81
Q

How is Tiannanmen Square different that protests in Eastern Europe?

A

Chinese government sent tanks in on students

82
Q

Collapse of Berlin Wall (1989)

A

Symbolized that communism was dying in Eastern Europe

83
Q

What political party is Bill Clinton?

A

Democrat

you better know that

84
Q

First attack on WTC

A

Under Bill Clinton

Truck bomb in base of North Towaer

Wanted to end aid to Israel

85
Q

Oslo Accords

A

Clinton

Settlement between Palestinean and Israel leaders

86
Q

Somalia Background

A

Wardlord was engineering a famine

UN Peacekeeping Force

87
Q

Blackhawk Down and Clinton

A

Operation in Magadishu goes wrong

Clinton administration recieved backlash for reducing humanitarian aid here

88
Q

Rwanda Overview and Clinton

A

Between the Hutus and Tutsi

100 days of terror

Clinton administration did nothing because of failure of Somalia

89
Q

NAFTA

A

USA, Canada, and Mexico work to break down trade barriers between them

90
Q

Oklahoma City Bombing

A

Veteran of Persian Gulf War sets off homemade bomb at federal building in Oklahoma

91
Q

Differences between Czechsolvakia and Yugoslavia

A

Czechs break up peacefully

Yugo has full out genocide

92
Q

Slobodan Milsosevic

A

Serbian

Ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia

93
Q

Maastricht Treaty

A

Created the European Union

One monetary system

Goal: to be competitive with USA and Japan

94
Q

Economic Union

A

Area without internal barriers to trade

Free flow

20th Century (14 decks)

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