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Origins of the Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

Containment

A

Taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries

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2
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Keeps Soviet Influence from spreading in GREECE and TURKEY

Sent monetary support to Greece and Turkey

Used to be supported by Britain, but British couldn’t afford it after the war

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3
Q

Marshall Plan

A

16 countries in Western Europe received aid from the United States

People in refugee camps

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4
Q

How was the Marshall Plan an example of containment?

A

Communist party lost its appeal to voters in Western Europe

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5
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

Stalin blockaded West Berlin in without food

US delivered food supplies, fuel, and medicine

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6
Q

Importance of the Berlin Airlift?

A

West Berlin survives

People realize American prestige

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7
Q

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Org)

A

NATO members pledged to support each other

West Europe scared of Soviets

RESEARCH NATO MORE. THIS IS SHITTY

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8
Q

How is NATO an example of containment?

A

NATO members pledge to be against the USSR and help the USA

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9
Q

Chinese Civil War

A

Nationalists and Communists are fighting in China

US favored Nationalists

USSR favored communists

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10
Q

Who won in the Chinese Civil War?

A

The communists

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11
Q

SEATO

A

Need information on this*

Stronger information on all containment notes

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12
Q

Suez Crisis-Eisenhower Doctrine

A

Soviet Unions prestige in the Middle East is rising because of Egypt

Eisenhower declares that the US would defend Middle East against any communist attack

Financial aid and use of military force would be used to contain communism in the Middle East

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13
Q

What starts the Soviet and United States tensions

A

At Potsdam, Truman doesn’t inform the Soviet Union about the nuclear weapon testing

Soviet Union not holding free elections

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14
Q

Why is it called the cold war

A

The USA and USSR never directly fought with eachother

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15
Q

Why did the Soviets and Americans want to avoid a “hot” war?

A

World annihilation due to nuclear bomb

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16
Q

Proxy war definition

A

Using 3rd countries in order to not directly fight eachother

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17
Q

Examples of Proxy war

A

Chinese civil war

Greek civil war

Korean war

Vietnam

Ethiopia

USSR occupation of Afghan

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18
Q

Why did the Soviets fear the West?

A

Allied support for White Russians

Marxism’s theoretical opposition to capitalism

US had atomic bombs and was willing to use them

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19
Q

Why did the United States fear the USSR?

A

Strong communist parties in France and Italy

Local communists won popular support by resisting the Nazis

WWI showed that economic problems could create the potential for a revolution

WWII left Europe in ruins (rationing and labor strikes)

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20
Q

Source of the US mistrust of the USSR

A

Soviets aggresive takeover of Eastern Europe

Denying people democratic freedom

Violation of agreements made at Yalta

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21
Q

Bipolarism

A

idea that you have to pick a side

Soviets or Americans (Communism or Capitalism)

Cold War Paradigm

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22
Q

1st World

A

USA and our allies

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23
Q

2nd World

A

USSR

Blocked Eastern Europe countries

China

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24
Q

3rd World

A

Countries that wanted to stay neutral

New countries (poor, now called developing)

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25
Causes of the Cold War: Global Conditions
USA trying to sell more and build there economy
26
Cause of the Cold War: Ideology
Marx proposed that communism can only function once there has been a revolution overthrowing capitalism
27
Cause of the Cold War: National Security Systems
USSR setting up a buffer zone from invasion USA is dominant military in the world (building peacetime army)
28
Soviet Bloc or Satellite
the communist nations closely allied with the Soviet Union
29
Countries in the Soviet Bloc
Bulgaria Cuba Eastern Germany Hungary Poland
30
Which country was hard for the Soviet Union to control?
Yugoslavia They had a ruthless and independent leader
31
Conditions within the Soviet Bloc
Elections, but no free elections Trade incredibly limited Soviet military in control or threatening to invade
32
Iron Curtain
Separation of Eastern and Western Europe
33
What was Churchill talking about with the Iron Curtain?
There was no physical fences and borders put in place yet when Churchill made his historic speech referencing the Iron Curtain
34
Who was important in the US's foreign policy towards Soviets?
Kennan Kennan was a diplomat who wrong the Long Telegram to Truman after he spent extensive time in Russia
35
3 Popular US Beliefs of the Soviet Union
1) Soviets want to dominate entire world 2) Communism was monolithic (large and powerful) 3) Domino Theroy
36
Domino theory
Concerned if one country fell, they would all fall
37
What is the new US foreign policy to deal with hostility towards the Soviets?
Containment
38
Containment
Stopping the spread of communism at all costs
39
United States trying to help countries, but not really
US places dictators in charge of countries as long as they were non-communists Shah in Iran
40
National Security Act
Merged all political control of forces in DOD Set up CIA Created National Security Council Increased budget
41
National Security Council
Gave expert advice directly to President on all matters affecting national defense and security Created by the National Security act
42
What was built out of the National Security Act?
The pentagon
43
Brinkmanship
US would be ready to go to the brink of war with the Communists believing that the Communists only understood force and power
44
Massive Retaliation
Each superpower had enough H-bombs to destroy the other side if attacked
45
Arms Race
Cut back army and navy to expand air force Buildup of conventional and nuclear weapons
46
What led to the creation of the H-bomb?
The arms race
47
How did army change due to creation of H-bomb?
More focus on air force
48
What two additions did Eisenhower make to the policy of containment?
Brinkmanship Massive retaliation
49
Central Intelligence Agency
Created to gather information abroad Carry out covert operations Overthrow governments unfriendly to the US
50
West Germany
Admitted into the UN Allowed to build up its army to 500,000
51
Desalinization
Stalin dies Closed Gulags Apologized Criticized stalin for killing loyal Soviets
52
Who replaced Stalin?
Nikita Khrushchev
53
What did Destalinization lead to?
Allow Soviet Bloc countries some independence Led to a series of crises in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland Need to still have communist leaders
54
Revolt in Hungary
Students and workers demonstrated in the streets of Budapest
55
Result of Revolt in Hungary?
Soviets crushed the Hungarian "freedom fighters" in a few days
56
What were Hungarian revolters demanding?
Greater freedom
57
What did the UN create Israel out of?
Piece of land known as Palestine Mandate
58
What is Israel classified as at first?
Nation-state
59
What two groups had to share the Palestine Mandate?
Palestinians and Israel
60
Why did the UN decide to create Israel?
Compensation for horrors of the Holocaust Wanted to give European Jews a place of their own (the promised land)
61
How did the Suez Crisis start?
Abdel Nasser tried to play the US and Soviets against each other when seeking financial support to build a dam on the Nile
62
Who is Abdel Nasser?
Egyptian leader involved with the Suez Crisis
63
What angered Nasser and what was his response?
Americans refused to give aid for the dam Nasser decides to use the British own Suez Canal and sink ships in the canal for aid
64
Attacks and American reaction to Suez Crisis
UK, France, and Israel attacked Egypt and Soviets threatened to intervene Eisenhower supported UN resolution for a ceasefire and the removal of troops which the governments accepted
65
Outcome of the Suez Crisis
Egypt kept control of the Suez Canal Eisenhower Doctrine created
66
Cuban Revolution
Revolution started to overthrow the current dictator who was supported by the US
67
Results of the Cuban Revolution
Fidel Castro gains powers He becomes an ally of Soviets and established Communism Communism only 90 miles off the coast of Florida
68
Significant about Korean War in terms of race
First time our military fights as integrated army
69
Phase 1 of Korea
North Korea crosses 38th parallel and attacks South Korea Troops pushed to Pusan perimeter Monolithic assumption that it is the result of USSR
70
Phase 2 of Korea
MacArthur becomes UN forces general Amphibious attack at Inchon China sends threat that we need to pull back
71
Phase 3 of Korea
China officially attacks Forces pushed all the way back to Seoul and all ground was lost
72
Phase 4 of Korea
Stalemate back and forth 1952 election made Eisenhower go to Korea and assess (alludes to nuclear weapon being an option)
73
Where is an armistice signed for Korea?
Panmunjom
74
What are the provisions of the Korean armistice?
Korea divided at 38th DMZ set up US promises to defend South Korea if it is ever attacked again
75
What result did Korean war have in international relations?
Badly damaged foreign relations with Communist China Diplomatic standoff that would last for years
76
What happens to MacArthur?
He is fired by Truman because he wants to invade China and says "there is no substitute for victory"
77
Who was communist Chinese leader
Mao
78
Who was the Chinese Nationalist leader and to where did he escape?
Chiang Kai-shek Taiwan
79
How did China become a communist country?
Civil War broke out between the nationalists and the communists Ultimately Mao won

20th Century (14 decks)

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