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20th Century > Origins of the Cold War > Flashcards

Origins of the Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

Containment

A

Taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries

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2
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Keeps Soviet Influence from spreading in GREECE and TURKEY

Sent monetary support to Greece and Turkey

Used to be supported by Britain, but British couldn’t afford it after the war

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3
Q

Marshall Plan

A

16 countries in Western Europe received aid from the United States

People in refugee camps

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4
Q

How was the Marshall Plan an example of containment?

A

Communist party lost its appeal to voters in Western Europe

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5
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

Stalin blockaded West Berlin in without food

US delivered food supplies, fuel, and medicine

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6
Q

Importance of the Berlin Airlift?

A

West Berlin survives

People realize American prestige

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7
Q

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Org)

A

NATO members pledged to support each other

West Europe scared of Soviets

RESEARCH NATO MORE. THIS IS SHITTY

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8
Q

How is NATO an example of containment?

A

NATO members pledge to be against the USSR and help the USA

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9
Q

Chinese Civil War

A

Nationalists and Communists are fighting in China

US favored Nationalists

USSR favored communists

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10
Q

Who won in the Chinese Civil War?

A

The communists

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11
Q

SEATO

A

Need information on this*

Stronger information on all containment notes

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12
Q

Suez Crisis-Eisenhower Doctrine

A

Soviet Unions prestige in the Middle East is rising because of Egypt

Eisenhower declares that the US would defend Middle East against any communist attack

Financial aid and use of military force would be used to contain communism in the Middle East

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13
Q

What starts the Soviet and United States tensions

A

At Potsdam, Truman doesn’t inform the Soviet Union about the nuclear weapon testing

Soviet Union not holding free elections

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14
Q

Why is it called the cold war

A

The USA and USSR never directly fought with eachother

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15
Q

Why did the Soviets and Americans want to avoid a “hot” war?

A

World annihilation due to nuclear bomb

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16
Q

Proxy war definition

A

Using 3rd countries in order to not directly fight eachother

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17
Q

Examples of Proxy war

A

Chinese civil war

Greek civil war

Korean war

Vietnam

Ethiopia

USSR occupation of Afghan

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18
Q

Why did the Soviets fear the West?

A

Allied support for White Russians

Marxism’s theoretical opposition to capitalism

US had atomic bombs and was willing to use them

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19
Q

Why did the United States fear the USSR?

A

Strong communist parties in France and Italy

Local communists won popular support by resisting the Nazis

WWI showed that economic problems could create the potential for a revolution

WWII left Europe in ruins (rationing and labor strikes)

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20
Q

Source of the US mistrust of the USSR

A

Soviets aggresive takeover of Eastern Europe

Denying people democratic freedom

Violation of agreements made at Yalta

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21
Q

Bipolarism

A

idea that you have to pick a side

Soviets or Americans (Communism or Capitalism)

Cold War Paradigm

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22
Q

1st World

A

USA and our allies

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23
Q

2nd World

A

USSR

Blocked Eastern Europe countries

China

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24
Q

3rd World

A

Countries that wanted to stay neutral

New countries (poor, now called developing)

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25
Q

Causes of the Cold War: Global Conditions

A

USA trying to sell more and build there economy

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26
Q

Cause of the Cold War: Ideology

A

Marx proposed that communism can only function once there has been a revolution overthrowing capitalism

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27
Q

Cause of the Cold War: National Security Systems

A

USSR setting up a buffer zone from invasion

USA is dominant military in the world (building peacetime army)

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28
Q

Soviet Bloc or Satellite

A

the communist nations closely allied with the Soviet Union

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29
Q

Countries in the Soviet Bloc

A

Bulgaria

Cuba

Eastern Germany

Hungary

Poland

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30
Q

Which country was hard for the Soviet Union to control?

A

Yugoslavia

They had a ruthless and independent leader

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31
Q

Conditions within the Soviet Bloc

A

Elections, but no free elections

Trade incredibly limited

Soviet military in control or threatening to invade

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32
Q

Iron Curtain

A

Separation of Eastern and Western Europe

33
Q

What was Churchill talking about with the Iron Curtain?

A

There was no physical fences and borders put in place yet when Churchill made his historic speech referencing the Iron Curtain

34
Q

Who was important in the US’s foreign policy towards Soviets?

A

Kennan

Kennan was a diplomat who wrong the Long Telegram to Truman after he spent extensive time in Russia

35
Q

3 Popular US Beliefs of the Soviet Union

A

1) Soviets want to dominate entire world
2) Communism was monolithic (large and powerful)
3) Domino Theroy

36
Q

Domino theory

A

Concerned if one country fell, they would all fall

37
Q

What is the new US foreign policy to deal with hostility towards the Soviets?

A

Containment

38
Q

Containment

A

Stopping the spread of communism at all costs

39
Q

United States trying to help countries, but not really

A

US places dictators in charge of countries as long as they were non-communists

Shah in Iran

40
Q

National Security Act

A

Merged all political control of forces in DOD

Set up CIA

Created National Security Council

Increased budget

41
Q

National Security Council

A

Gave expert advice directly to President on all matters affecting national defense and security

Created by the National Security act

42
Q

What was built out of the National Security Act?

A

The pentagon

43
Q

Brinkmanship

A

US would be ready to go to the brink of war with the Communists

believing that the Communists only understood force and power

44
Q

Massive Retaliation

A

Each superpower had enough H-bombs to destroy the other side if attacked

45
Q

Arms Race

A

Cut back army and navy to expand air force

Buildup of conventional and nuclear weapons

46
Q

What led to the creation of the H-bomb?

A

The arms race

47
Q

How did army change due to creation of H-bomb?

A

More focus on air force

48
Q

What two additions did Eisenhower make to the policy of containment?

A

Brinkmanship

Massive retaliation

49
Q

Central Intelligence Agency

A

Created to gather information abroad

Carry out covert operations

Overthrow governments unfriendly to the US

50
Q

West Germany

A

Admitted into the UN

Allowed to build up its army to 500,000

51
Q

Desalinization

A

Stalin dies

Closed Gulags

Apologized

Criticized stalin for killing loyal Soviets

52
Q

Who replaced Stalin?

A

Nikita Khrushchev

53
Q

What did Destalinization lead to?

A

Allow Soviet Bloc countries some independence

Led to a series of crises in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland

Need to still have communist leaders

54
Q

Revolt in Hungary

A

Students and workers demonstrated in the streets of Budapest

55
Q

Result of Revolt in Hungary?

A

Soviets crushed the Hungarian “freedom fighters” in a few days

56
Q

What were Hungarian revolters demanding?

A

Greater freedom

57
Q

What did the UN create Israel out of?

A

Piece of land known as Palestine Mandate

58
Q

What is Israel classified as at first?

A

Nation-state

59
Q

What two groups had to share the Palestine Mandate?

A

Palestinians and Israel

60
Q

Why did the UN decide to create Israel?

A

Compensation for horrors of the Holocaust

Wanted to give European Jews a place of their own (the promised land)

61
Q

How did the Suez Crisis start?

A

Abdel Nasser tried to play the US and Soviets against each other when seeking financial support to build a dam on the Nile

62
Q

Who is Abdel Nasser?

A

Egyptian leader involved with the Suez Crisis

63
Q

What angered Nasser and what was his response?

A

Americans refused to give aid for the dam

Nasser decides to use the British own Suez Canal and sink ships in the canal for aid

64
Q

Attacks and American reaction to Suez Crisis

A

UK, France, and Israel attacked Egypt and Soviets threatened to intervene

Eisenhower supported UN resolution for a ceasefire and the removal of troops which the governments accepted

65
Q

Outcome of the Suez Crisis

A

Egypt kept control of the Suez Canal

Eisenhower Doctrine created

66
Q

Cuban Revolution

A

Revolution started to overthrow the current dictator who was supported by the US

67
Q

Results of the Cuban Revolution

A

Fidel Castro gains powers

He becomes an ally of Soviets and established Communism

Communism only 90 miles off the coast of Florida

68
Q

Significant about Korean War in terms of race

A

First time our military fights as integrated army

69
Q

Phase 1 of Korea

A

North Korea crosses 38th parallel and attacks South Korea

Troops pushed to Pusan perimeter

Monolithic assumption that it is the result of USSR

70
Q

Phase 2 of Korea

A

MacArthur becomes UN forces general

Amphibious attack at Inchon

China sends threat that we need to pull back

71
Q

Phase 3 of Korea

A

China officially attacks

Forces pushed all the way back to Seoul and all ground was lost

72
Q

Phase 4 of Korea

A

Stalemate back and forth

1952 election made Eisenhower go to Korea and assess (alludes to nuclear weapon being an option)

73
Q

Where is an armistice signed for Korea?

A

Panmunjom

74
Q

What are the provisions of the Korean armistice?

A

Korea divided at 38th

DMZ set up

US promises to defend South Korea if it is ever attacked again

75
Q

What result did Korean war have in international relations?

A

Badly damaged foreign relations with Communist China

Diplomatic standoff that would last for years

76
Q

What happens to MacArthur?

A

He is fired by Truman because he wants to invade China and says “there is no substitute for victory”

77
Q

Who was communist Chinese leader

A

Mao

78
Q

Who was the Chinese Nationalist leader and to where did he escape?

A

Chiang Kai-shek

Taiwan

79
Q

How did China become a communist country?

A

Civil War broke out between the nationalists and the communists

Ultimately Mao won

20th Century (14 decks)

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