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20th Century > 1950s Domestic and Foreign Policies > Flashcards

1950s Domestic and Foreign Policies Flashcards

1
Q

Truman’s stance on Civil Rights

A

Created President’s Commission on Civil Rights

Fought with Congress over antilynching law, ban on poll tax, and permanent civil rights commission

Not successful because of continual fighting with Congress

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2
Q

What was Truman able to do with regards to civil rights?

A

Signed an executive order to integrate the armed forces

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3
Q

Dixiecrats

A

Conservative white southern Democrats

Angry with Truman’s work with Civil Rights

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4
Q

Dixiecrat canidate in 1948 election

A

Strom Thurmond

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5
Q

Who won the 1948 election?

A

Truman

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6
Q

Why was the outcome of the 1948 election a surprise?

A

Almost every poll indicated that Dewey would win

Truman traveled across the country on train to denounce the “do-nothing Congress”

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7
Q

Fair Deal

A

Truman

Purpose was to guarantee economic opportunity and social stability

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8
Q

What happened to the Fair Deal?

A

Congress did not pass it

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9
Q

Specifics of the Fair Deal

A

Nationwide health insurance

Crop system for farmers

Increase minimum wage

Equal employment

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10
Q

Significance of the GI bill

A

Increased the size of the middle class

More Americans have money in their pockets

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11
Q

Specifics of the GI bill

A

Paid for WW2 veterans college education

Low cost mortgages

Loans to start a business

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12
Q

How was the American family and household changing after WW2?

A

Millions of women had joined the workforce during the war and did not want to give up their independence

This tensions between men and women made divorce rates skyrocket

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13
Q

How was the economy changing in the postwar years?

A

Changing from a wartime to peacetime economy

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14
Q

Characteristics of post war economy

A

High unemployment (vets back home)

Inflation

American jobs paying less than before

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15
Q

How did Congress handle the new economy?

A

Set adjustments on prices

Americans began to have more money in their pockets

More jobs created due to big demand

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16
Q

How did the workforce change in the 1950s?

A

The majority of Americans worked in professional positions such as sales, advertising, insurance, communications instead of blue collar jobs

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17
Q

Conglomerate

A

Major corporation that owns smaller companies in unrelated industries

Ex: General Electric

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18
Q

Franchise

A

Company that offers similar products or services in many locations

Ex: McDonalds

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19
Q

Importance of Franchises and Conglomerates

A

Created jobs

Grew rapidly

Homogenized American culture w/ social conformity

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20
Q

Social Conformity

A

Employees sacrificed their individuality because businesses did not want creative thinkers

Idea of an “American housewife” created

Advertising played a role in social conformity

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21
Q

Why did Truman decide not to run in the 1952 election?

A

His dissapproval rating was very high due to the stalemate in the Korean War and the rising power of Mccarthyism

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22
Q

Who were the primary canidates in the 1948 election?

A

Dewey (R) vs. Truman (D)

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23
Q

Who were the primary canidates in the 1952 election?

A

Eisenhower (R) vs. Stevenson (D)

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24
Q

Checkers Speech

A

Nixon, Eisenhower’s running mate, delivers an emotional speech over television denying accusations of getting money corruptly from supporters

First time television used to gain voters

25
Q

Modern Conservatism

A

Government should be conservative when it comes to money and liberal when it comes to human beings

26
Q

How is Modern Conservatism seen in Eisenhower’s office?

A

Eisenhower balances budget and spending

Expands Social Security and increased minimum wage

27
Q

Eisenhower’s stance on civil rights and important events

A

Supported Civil Rights

Established Civil Rights Commission with authority to investigate discriminatory conditions and recommend corrective measures (Civil Rights Act of 1957)

28
Q

Space Race

A

Competition of space exploration between the United States and the Soviet Union

29
Q

Long term impact of the space race

A

Led to great technological and scientific advances

Created friction between USA and USSR

30
Q

Sputnik

A

First artificial satellite launched

Triumph of Soviet technology

31
Q

Impact of Sputnik

A

Made Americans fear that we were losing the space race

Large Investment of money dumped into science and education

Creation of NASA

32
Q

U-2 Incident

A

Planes secretly flew over Russia and collected info.

Eisenhower allowed one last flight, but this flight got shot down

Powers (pilot) faced 10 years in jail

33
Q

Significant outcome of U-2 incident

A

Eisenhower caught lying

Khrushchev cancels an arm race summit

Tensions significantly increased

34
Q

What is the 1950s known as?

A

Time of consensus and conformity

35
Q

Why were the 1950s known as time of consensus and conformity?

A

People lost individuality

Houses looked the same

Creative minds looked down upon in the workforce

36
Q

Influence of television on American culture

A

Perfect family stereotype appeared through television

Minorities not shown on TV

Women portrayed as housewives

Western frontier shows promote violence

Large influx of consumerism through commericals

37
Q

Beat Movement

A

Expressed social and literary noncomformity of artists, poets, and writers

38
Q

Significance of the Beat Movement

A

These people differed from the stereotypical norm of the 1950s which eventually led to 1960s culture

39
Q

Significance of Rock and Roll

A

Captivated teenagers across the country

40
Q

Importance of African American influence on music

A

African Americans, despite their segregation, created music enjoyable to everyone

Began to breakdown racial segregation

People enjoy music based off of sound not looks

41
Q

Planned Obsolescence

A

Manufactorers intentionally make an item become outdated soon after its release so that consumers must purchase another item

42
Q

Consumerism

A

Middle class able to buy recreational products

Credit cards (buy now, pay later)

Advertisement boomed

43
Q

Automobile Culture

A

Cheap fuel

Suburbs create need for cars

More cars more roads

More pollution and accidents

44
Q

Characteristics of the Red Scare

A

Immense distrust and lack of unity

Many people accused of being Communist spies

People said Truman is too soft on communists

45
Q

HUAC (House of Un-American Activities Committee)

A

Committee of the US House of Representatives

Originally for pro-fascists

Called citizens to testify before Congress

Used high pressure, controversial tactics that led to the fear and distrust of anticommunism hysteria

46
Q

Hollywood and Communism

A

10 screenwriters accused of being communists by the HUAC

Led to them being put on a blacklist and destroying their careers

47
Q

Alger Hiss Case

A

Former Communist spy accused Alger Hiss of being a Soviet spy

Jury convicted Hiss of perjury and he was sent to jail

Hiss thought he was framed, but NSA eventually found substainal evidence of his guilt

48
Q

Ethel and Julius Rosenburg

A

Found guilty of espionage and sentenced to death

49
Q

McCarthysism cause and effects

A

Senator McCarthy took advantage of the widespread fear of communism and essentially led a witch hunt for communist supporters

50
Q

What happened to Senator Joseph McCarthy

A

Republicans did not stop him because they thought he would help win the 1952 election

Severals senators spoke out against him and he was brought down after blaming people in the army

51
Q

McCarthyism

A

Accusation made without evidence of wrongdoing

McCarthy was berating people in televised hearings

52
Q

McCarran Act

A

Made it illegal to do anything that could lead to a totalitarian dictatorship

Truman thought it punished people for their beliefs and was a violation to the constitutions

53
Q

Baby Boom

A

The massive influx of American babies as soldiers returned from war

54
Q

Impact of baby boomers today

A

Won’t be any social security left for younger generations because baby boomers will use it all up

55
Q

Interstate Highway System

A

Interstate Highway System was the largest public works project in American history

Allows middle class Americans to live in suburbs and commute to urban jobs

56
Q

Suburbs

A

Small residential communities surrounding cities

Americans moved out of cities and completed the American dream

57
Q

What factors led to the growth of the suburbs

A

Affordable car transportation

new roads

affordable gas

don’t want to raise family in city

affordable housing

white flight

58
Q

What happened to urban areas during the growth of suburbia

A

Urban decay (money going towards suburbs)

White flight

Minorities flocked to the cities

59
Q

Dr. Jonas Salk

A

Developed a polio vaccine

20th Century (14 decks)

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