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20th Century > Civil Rights Movement > Flashcards

Civil Rights Movement Flashcards

1
Q

13th Amendment

A

Eliminates slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States

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2
Q

14th Amendment

A

Forbids any state from depriving citizens of their rights

Defines a citizen

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3
Q

15th Amendment

A

Allows every citizen of the United States to vote regardless of color

Does not apply to women

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4
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

Supreme court rules that separate but equal facilitates for different races is legal

Legalizes Jim Crow

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5
Q

Defense industries during WW2

A

Blacks not allowed to work in factories

Phillip A Randolph was going to lead a March on Washington, but Roosevelt met his demands

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6
Q

Irony of black soliders in WW2

A

They had more freedom in the army

Ex: Can talk to French white girls overseas

Come home to Jim Crow

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7
Q

Committee on Civil Rights

A

Truman

Issued a report that exposed racial injustices and called for the elimination of segregation in America

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8
Q

Truman’s steps for civil rights

A

Racial discrimination was banned in federal government hiring and the military

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9
Q

Founder of the NAACP

A

WEB Du Bois

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10
Q

Goal of the NAACP and Formation

A

To ensure equality of minority groups in the US

Formed in response to 1908 Springfield Race Riot

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11
Q

National Urban League Founders

A

Ruth Baldwin

George Haynes

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12
Q

Goals/Founding of National Urban League

A

To help rural Southern blacks migrating to the Northern cities find jobs and adjust to urban life

Formed in response to tough ghetto conditions

3 groups combined to form

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13
Q

Outcomes of the National Urban League

A

Pressured government officials to include blacks in the New Deal recovery program

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14
Q

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founder

A

James Farmer

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15
Q

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Goals/Foundation

A

Pacifist organization influenced by Ghandi’s nonviolent resistance

Organized the start of freedom rides in the North

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16
Q

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) location

A

Northern based group

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17
Q

Southern Christian Leadership Conference founder

A

MLK

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18
Q

Southern Christian Leadership Conference goals/foundation

A

To have a regional organization that could better coordinate civil rights protests in the South

Founded as an offshoot of the Montgomery bus boycott

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19
Q

Southern Christian Leadership Conference method

A

Direct Action

Ex: boycotts, marches, fill jails

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20
Q

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) founder

A

Ella Baker

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21
Q

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) goals/foundation

A

To relate the goals of the SCLC to a younger generation

YOUTH

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22
Q

Difference between youth and adults in Civil Rights Movement

A

Youth have nothing to loose

Adults have economic intimidation. They could loose job, house, or family

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23
Q

SNCC becomes Violent

A

Now they think that nonviolence is more a political tactic than a way of life

Start launching violent attacks on the KKK

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24
Q

Nation of Islam founder

A

Malcom X

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25
Q

Nation of Islam goals/foundation

A

Widely used media to spread their message

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26
Q

Black Panthers founder

A

Huey Newton

Bobby Seale

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27
Q

Black Panthers goals/foundation

A

Much more violent (start launching attacks)

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28
Q

Thurgood Marshall

A

First black supreme court justice

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29
Q

Phillip A. Randolph

A

Had the original idea for a March on Washington

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30
Q

Rosa Parks

A

Refused to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger

Started the Montgomery Bus Boycott

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31
Q

Daisy Bates

A

Operated the Arksanas State Press (black newspaper)

Became the president of Arkansas NAACP

Helped the Little Rock Nine

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32
Q

Medgar Evans

A

WW2 Vet

Tried to integrate Ole Miss Law School

Murdered right after big appointment to Civil Rights Act committee? on his driveway

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33
Q

Robert Kennedy

A

Attonery general

Responsible for a lot of domestic issues

Sent marshalls to protect Freedom Riders

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34
Q

Stokely Carmichael

A

Born in Trinidad and Tobago and migrated to NYC

Elected the chairman of SNCC

Started taking the group into a violent direction “black power”

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34
Q

Stokely Carmichael

A

Born in Trinidad and Tobago and migrated to NYC

Elected the chairman of SNCC

Started taking the group into a violent direction “black power”

35
Q

Stokely Carmichael

A

Born in Trinidad and Tobago and immigrated to NYC

Elected national chairman of the SNCC

Took the group in a more violent direction

“Black power!”

36
Q

Diane Nash

A

Founding member of SNCC

Served jail time with the Rock Hill Nine

Coordinator of the Nashville bus boycott

Played a major role in the Birmingham desegregation and Selma campaigns

37
Q

John Lewis

A

Worked with Nash and Bevel to stage sit-ins

Freedom Rider

Led demonstration known as “Bloody Sunday”

Elected to Congress later in life

38
Q

James Bevel

A

Baptist Minister

Director for SLCL

Convinced King to allow students to participate in protest marches in Birmingham

39
Q

Malcolm X

A

Father killed by KKK which sparked his anger

Founder of Nation of Islam

Learned the teachings of Islam in prison

His book laid the foundations for the Black Power Movement

40
Q

Brown v. Board of Education

A

Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson

Topeka, Kansas

Supreme court states that racial segregation in schools violates the 14th amendment

41
Q

Emmett Till

A

14 years old

Brutally murdered for whistling at a white women

From Chicago so didn’t understand how tough

His murder’s declared “not guilty” after all white jury trial

42
Q

What inspired Rosa Parks to lead Bus Boycott?

A

Emmett Till

43
Q

Little Rock

A

In order to enforce Brown v. Board of Education, JFK is forced to send federal troops to protect 9 children black children getting to school

44
Q

Sit-ins

A

Four black students sat down at a Woolworth lunch counter in North Carolina

Sparked sit-ins across the country

Demonstrated the power of grassroots movement

45
Q

What type of movement is the Civil Rights?

A

Grassroot

46
Q

Freedom Summer

A

1964

Organized voter drive

Aimed at Mississippians

47
Q

Was the Freedom Summer successful?

A

No. Only 1,200 registered to vote

Deepened split between nonviolence and people who thought violence was neccessary

48
Q

Who organized the Freedom Summer?

A

Primarily CORE and SNCC

49
Q

Selma March

A

Goal was to march from Selma to Montgomery

Wanted voting rights

Organized by MLK

Symbollically crossed bridge into white neighborhood

50
Q

Where did the Selma March go through?

A

A heavy Klan area

51
Q

What did the Selma March result in?

A

Under National Guard they reached their destination

Led to Voting Rights Act passed later that year

52
Q

Story of Reverend Hosea Williams

A

Trying to get a glass of water at a train station while on military leave at the end of the war

Reached into white snack stand and was beaten

Called a black coroner who thought he was dead

Wished Hitler had won the war

53
Q

How did lynching motivate blacks?

A

Clear sign of insult to colored people

You could not see lynching and not want to try to resist

Made blacks want to vote

54
Q

Story of George Dorsey (Walton, Georgia)

A

The mob leader said that when George went to war he was a good negro, but when he came back he thought he was equal so he needed to be killed

Mob came and killed four blacks in the back of a car

Truman outraged that servicemen getting kills

Truman addresses the NAACP

55
Q

Footsoliders

A

People on the ground marching

Often times refers to the children who had nothing to loose

56
Q

Thomas Dartmouth Rice

A

Actor

Came up with Jim Crow character

57
Q

Where did the idea for Jim Crow come from?

A

An elderly black man that was singing a song about a clumsey Jim Crow

58
Q

How did Jim Crow get popular?

A

Racist environment allowed Rice to thrive

Performed in minstrel shows

59
Q

Ways to keep blacks from voting

A

Literacy Test

Poll Tax

Intimidation

60
Q

Physical intimidation

A

Lynching for registering to vote

Coffins on doorstep

61
Q

Economic Intimidation

A

could loose job or home

older folks (MLK) scared of these consequences

they have more to loose

62
Q

De Facto Segregation

A

Racial segregation established by practice, customs, and socio-economics, not law

63
Q

De Jure Segregation

A

Racial separation established by law

64
Q

3 Goals of Civil Rights Movement

A
  1. End segregation
  2. Enforce 14th amendment
  3. Voting Rights
65
Q

Where do blacks gain voting rights?

A

Selma

66
Q

What year did Freedom Rides take place?

A

1961

67
Q

When was March on Washington?

A

1963

68
Q

When was Children’s March?

A

1963 (before March)

69
Q

Outcomes of the Freedom Rides

A

ICC enforces the Irene Morgan case

Nonviolence prevails

National attention

More whites, including JFK, support the movement

70
Q

How did integration of Ole Miss become a big deal?

A

French journalist got killed

International attention

Forces JFK to send in troops

71
Q

James Meredith

A

First black student at Ole Miss

72
Q

Integration of Ole Miss

A

Ross Barnett refuses to enroll Meredith

Riot breaks out

JFK sends troops in

73
Q

Integration of University of Alabama

A

George Wallace promised to stand in the schoolhouse door to prevent the admission of blacks

JFK makes AL National Guard federal and they force Wallace to step aside

74
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Banned segregation in public accomodations

Provided federal assistance for desegregating schools

Prohibited discriminatory hiring on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin

75
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A

Eliminated literacy tests as a voting requirement

Gave federal officials the power to supervise voter registration in states where fewer than half of those of voting age were registered

76
Q

24th Amendment

A

Eliminated the poll tax as a voting requirement

77
Q

What strategy did kids use in Children’s March?

A

Went in waves of 50 to fill up buses and make it seem like that was the last wave

78
Q

What caused Kennedy to take direct action and pen Civil Rights Act?

A

Children’s March

79
Q

JFK’s inagural address

A

He was too focused on giving freedom elsewhere in the world

In the beginning he treaded too lightly because of threat of Dixiecrats

80
Q

Irene Morgan vs. the State of Virgina

A

Stuck down Jim Crow segregation with interstate bus travel

Was not followed

81
Q

Bull Connor

A

Ruthless racist

Head of Birmingham police force

Removed after Children’s march

82
Q

What did SNCC provide that CORE could not?

A

SNCC was more used to violence and beatings in the South

Helped with Freedom Rides

83
Q

Two buses took off on first freedom ride. Summarize what happened

A

Greyhound bus got lit on fire and didn’t make it

Trailways got mobbed upon arrival into Birmingham. Bull Connor called off police for 15 minutes

84
Q

What happens in Montgomery, Alabama that makes Kennedys realize they have to get more involved?

A

US official (John S.) is knocked out by mob

85
Q

What plants the seeds for some younger members to want to break away from the movement?

A

MLK would not go on Freedom Rides with them

Acting like he is above them

86
Q

What happened when Freedom riders arrived in Jackson, Mississippi?

A

Ross Barnett did not beat them

He put them in Parchman Prison

20th Century (14 decks)

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