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Civil Rights Movement Flashcards

1
Q

13th Amendment

A

Eliminates slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States

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2
Q

14th Amendment

A

Forbids any state from depriving citizens of their rights

Defines a citizen

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3
Q

15th Amendment

A

Allows every citizen of the United States to vote regardless of color

Does not apply to women

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4
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

Supreme court rules that separate but equal facilitates for different races is legal

Legalizes Jim Crow

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5
Q

Defense industries during WW2

A

Blacks not allowed to work in factories

Phillip A Randolph was going to lead a March on Washington, but Roosevelt met his demands

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6
Q

Irony of black soliders in WW2

A

They had more freedom in the army

Ex: Can talk to French white girls overseas

Come home to Jim Crow

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7
Q

Committee on Civil Rights

A

Truman

Issued a report that exposed racial injustices and called for the elimination of segregation in America

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8
Q

Truman’s steps for civil rights

A

Racial discrimination was banned in federal government hiring and the military

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9
Q

Founder of the NAACP

A

WEB Du Bois

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10
Q

Goal of the NAACP and Formation

A

To ensure equality of minority groups in the US

Formed in response to 1908 Springfield Race Riot

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11
Q

National Urban League Founders

A

Ruth Baldwin

George Haynes

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12
Q

Goals/Founding of National Urban League

A

To help rural Southern blacks migrating to the Northern cities find jobs and adjust to urban life

Formed in response to tough ghetto conditions

3 groups combined to form

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13
Q

Outcomes of the National Urban League

A

Pressured government officials to include blacks in the New Deal recovery program

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14
Q

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founder

A

James Farmer

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15
Q

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Goals/Foundation

A

Pacifist organization influenced by Ghandi’s nonviolent resistance

Organized the start of freedom rides in the North

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16
Q

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) location

A

Northern based group

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17
Q

Southern Christian Leadership Conference founder

A

MLK

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18
Q

Southern Christian Leadership Conference goals/foundation

A

To have a regional organization that could better coordinate civil rights protests in the South

Founded as an offshoot of the Montgomery bus boycott

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19
Q

Southern Christian Leadership Conference method

A

Direct Action

Ex: boycotts, marches, fill jails

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20
Q

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) founder

A

Ella Baker

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21
Q

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) goals/foundation

A

To relate the goals of the SCLC to a younger generation

YOUTH

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22
Q

Difference between youth and adults in Civil Rights Movement

A

Youth have nothing to loose

Adults have economic intimidation. They could loose job, house, or family

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23
Q

SNCC becomes Violent

A

Now they think that nonviolence is more a political tactic than a way of life

Start launching violent attacks on the KKK

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24
Q

Nation of Islam founder

A

Malcom X

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25
Nation of Islam goals/foundation
Widely used media to spread their message
26
Black Panthers founder
Huey Newton Bobby Seale
27
Black Panthers goals/foundation
Much more violent (start launching attacks)
28
Thurgood Marshall
First black supreme court justice
29
Phillip A. Randolph
Had the original idea for a March on Washington
30
Rosa Parks
Refused to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger Started the Montgomery Bus Boycott
31
Daisy Bates
Operated the Arksanas State Press (black newspaper) Became the president of Arkansas NAACP Helped the Little Rock Nine
32
Medgar Evans
WW2 Vet Tried to integrate Ole Miss Law School Murdered right after big appointment to Civil Rights Act committee? on his driveway
33
Robert Kennedy
Attonery general Responsible for a lot of domestic issues Sent marshalls to protect Freedom Riders
34
Stokely Carmichael
Born in Trinidad and Tobago and migrated to NYC Elected the chairman of SNCC Started taking the group into a violent direction "black power"
34
Stokely Carmichael
Born in Trinidad and Tobago and migrated to NYC Elected the chairman of SNCC Started taking the group into a violent direction "black power"
35
Stokely Carmichael
Born in Trinidad and Tobago and immigrated to NYC Elected national chairman of the SNCC Took the group in a more violent direction "Black power!"
36
Diane Nash
Founding member of SNCC Served jail time with the Rock Hill Nine Coordinator of the Nashville bus boycott Played a major role in the Birmingham desegregation and Selma campaigns
37
John Lewis
Worked with Nash and Bevel to stage sit-ins Freedom Rider Led demonstration known as "Bloody Sunday" Elected to Congress later in life
38
James Bevel
Baptist Minister Director for SLCL Convinced King to allow students to participate in protest marches in Birmingham
39
Malcolm X
Father killed by KKK which sparked his anger Founder of Nation of Islam Learned the teachings of Islam in prison His book laid the foundations for the Black Power Movement
40
Brown v. Board of Education
Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson Topeka, Kansas Supreme court states that racial segregation in schools violates the 14th amendment
41
Emmett Till
14 years old Brutally murdered for whistling at a white women From Chicago so didn't understand how tough His murder's declared "not guilty" after all white jury trial
42
What inspired Rosa Parks to lead Bus Boycott?
Emmett Till
43
Little Rock
In order to enforce Brown v. Board of Education, JFK is forced to send federal troops to protect 9 children black children getting to school
44
Sit-ins
Four black students sat down at a Woolworth lunch counter in North Carolina Sparked sit-ins across the country Demonstrated the power of grassroots movement
45
What type of movement is the Civil Rights?
Grassroot
46
Freedom Summer
1964 Organized voter drive Aimed at Mississippians
47
Was the Freedom Summer successful?
No. Only 1,200 registered to vote Deepened split between nonviolence and people who thought violence was neccessary
48
Who organized the Freedom Summer?
Primarily CORE and SNCC
49
Selma March
Goal was to march from Selma to Montgomery Wanted voting rights Organized by MLK Symbollically crossed bridge into white neighborhood
50
Where did the Selma March go through?
A heavy Klan area
51
What did the Selma March result in?
Under National Guard they reached their destination Led to Voting Rights Act passed later that year
52
Story of Reverend Hosea Williams
Trying to get a glass of water at a train station while on military leave at the end of the war Reached into white snack stand and was beaten Called a black coroner who thought he was dead Wished Hitler had won the war
53
How did lynching motivate blacks?
Clear sign of insult to colored people You could not see lynching and not want to try to resist Made blacks want to vote
54
Story of George Dorsey (Walton, Georgia)
The mob leader said that when George went to war he was a good negro, but when he came back he thought he was equal so he needed to be killed Mob came and killed four blacks in the back of a car Truman outraged that servicemen getting kills Truman addresses the NAACP
55
Footsoliders
People on the ground marching Often times refers to the children who had nothing to loose
56
Thomas Dartmouth Rice
Actor Came up with Jim Crow character
57
Where did the idea for Jim Crow come from?
An elderly black man that was singing a song about a clumsey Jim Crow
58
How did Jim Crow get popular?
Racist environment allowed Rice to thrive Performed in minstrel shows
59
Ways to keep blacks from voting
Literacy Test Poll Tax Intimidation
60
Physical intimidation
Lynching for registering to vote Coffins on doorstep
61
Economic Intimidation
could loose job or home older folks (MLK) scared of these consequences they have more to loose
62
De Facto Segregation
Racial segregation established by practice, customs, and socio-economics, not law
63
De Jure Segregation
Racial separation established by law
64
3 Goals of Civil Rights Movement
1. End segregation 2. Enforce 14th amendment 3. Voting Rights
65
Where do blacks gain voting rights?
Selma
66
What year did Freedom Rides take place?
1961
67
When was March on Washington?
1963
68
When was Children's March?
1963 (before March)
69
Outcomes of the Freedom Rides
ICC enforces the Irene Morgan case Nonviolence prevails National attention More whites, including JFK, support the movement
70
How did integration of Ole Miss become a big deal?
French journalist got killed International attention Forces JFK to send in troops
71
James Meredith
First black student at Ole Miss
72
Integration of Ole Miss
Ross Barnett refuses to enroll Meredith Riot breaks out JFK sends troops in
73
Integration of University of Alabama
George Wallace promised to stand in the schoolhouse door to prevent the admission of blacks JFK makes AL National Guard federal and they force Wallace to step aside
74
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Banned segregation in public accomodations Provided federal assistance for desegregating schools Prohibited discriminatory hiring on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin
75
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Eliminated literacy tests as a voting requirement Gave federal officials the power to supervise voter registration in states where fewer than half of those of voting age were registered
76
24th Amendment
Eliminated the poll tax as a voting requirement
77
What strategy did kids use in Children's March?
Went in waves of 50 to fill up buses and make it seem like that was the last wave
78
What caused Kennedy to take direct action and pen Civil Rights Act?
Children's March
79
JFK's inagural address
He was too focused on giving freedom elsewhere in the world In the beginning he treaded too lightly because of threat of Dixiecrats
80
Irene Morgan vs. the State of Virgina
Stuck down Jim Crow segregation with interstate bus travel Was not followed
81
Bull Connor
Ruthless racist Head of Birmingham police force Removed after Children's march
82
What did SNCC provide that CORE could not?
SNCC was more used to violence and beatings in the South Helped with Freedom Rides
83
Two buses took off on first freedom ride. Summarize what happened
Greyhound bus got lit on fire and didn't make it Trailways got mobbed upon arrival into Birmingham. Bull Connor called off police for 15 minutes
84
What happens in Montgomery, Alabama that makes Kennedys realize they have to get more involved?
US official (John S.) is knocked out by mob
85
What plants the seeds for some younger members to want to break away from the movement?
MLK would not go on Freedom Rides with them Acting like he is above them
86
What happened when Freedom riders arrived in Jackson, Mississippi?
Ross Barnett did not beat them He put them in Parchman Prison

20th Century (14 decks)

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