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20th Century > 20th Century Midterm > Flashcards

20th Century Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Fuhrer of Germany

Nazism

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2
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

Prime Minister of Italy

Fascism

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3
Q

Josef Stalin

A

Secretary of Communist Party of Soviet Union

Communism

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4
Q

Hideki Tojo

A

General of Japanese Imperial Army

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5
Q

Francisco Franco

A

Prime Minister of Spain

Fascism

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6
Q

Neville Chamberlian

A

Prime Minister of Great Britain

Appeased Hitler at the Munich Conference

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7
Q

Vladimir Lenin

A

Leader of the Bolsheviks

Gave control of factories to workers

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8
Q

New Economic Policy

A

Lenin had to slow down his revolution in the face of Russia’s problems

Had to stabilize the economy after the Civil War

Widespread starvation after Civil War

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9
Q

Karl Marx

A

Philosopher

Wrote Communist Manifesto

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10
Q

Leon Trotsky

A

Leader of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War

Lenin’s right hand man

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11
Q

How did the education system prepare the Japanese for war

A

Textbooks were propaganda that made Japan look superior

Physical abuse by teachers

Psychological preparement by teachers

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12
Q

What are Japanese looking to get out of expansion?

A

Factories

Living space

Slaves

Natural resources

Military bases

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13
Q

Why does Japan chose to invade Manchuria?

A

Important natural resources (coal and iron)

Large space for crops

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14
Q

How does Japan get around Kellogg Brand Pact when invading Manchuria

A

Said they were defending themselves

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15
Q

What did the Japanese think of themselves in 1930s?

A

They were superior

Could steam roll the Chinese in 3 months

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16
Q

Chinese vs. Japanese first fight

A

Shanghai

China puts up much better fight then expected

Makes Japanese mad and frustrated as they head towards Nanking

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17
Q

US reaction to Japanese invading French Indochina

A

Oil embargo on Japan

Embargo upsets Japanese and leds to Pearl Harbour

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18
Q

Tripartite Pact

A

1940

Loose alliance between Japan, Germany, and Italy

Agree to sell resources to eachother, but do NOT give eachother military support

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19
Q

Russian Revolution start

A

Women textile workers in Petrograd led a citywide strike

Large riots over bread and fuel

Soldiers eventually joined protestors

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20
Q

Result of the Russian Revolution

A

Czar Nicholas forced to abdicate the thrown

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21
Q

Government after the Russian Revolution

A

Provisional government

Dumas set up temporary government with Alexander Kerensky as head

Upper and middleclass liberals

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22
Q

Bolshevik Revolution start

A

Bolsheviks took control of local soviets

Bolshevik Red Guards storm the Winter Palace

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23
Q

Result of Bolshevik Revolution

A

Arrested the provisional government

took control in a matter of hours

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24
Q

New government after Bolshevik Revolution

A

Lenin and the Bolsheviks gained control of Russia

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25
Q

Great Purges

A

1 million shot

Even more sent to Gulags

Stalin is “purging” Russia of any opposition to his rule

Military officials and elite killed

26
Q

What effect did the Purges have in WW2

A

Lost the necessary military experience and intellectual knowledge to help fight Germany

27
Q

Why did Stalin create the Five Year Plans?

A

He wanted to industrially modernize Russia

28
Q

Collectivization

A

Stalin’s five year plan

Farmers forced to give up land, so it could be cultivated cooperatively

29
Q

State Planning Commission

A

(State=Stalin!)

Prices established by the central government

Commission established production goals and determined how the goals would be met

30
Q

Gulags

A

Forced labor camps where people worked to death

Kolyma=worst Gulag

Stalin

31
Q

Blackshirts

A

Original followers of Mussolini

Disgruntled WW1 veterans

Used violence to gain a following

32
Q

Mussolini and Political Chamellon

A

Musollini changes views to fit whatever crowd he is in

Started supporting workers than switched views when he saw interest for upper class protection

33
Q

March on Rome

A

Fascist party controlled 34 seats in Chamber of Deputies (gaining support)

Victor Emmanuel III did not sign a decree to stop the fascists from marching and guaranted fascist success

34
Q

Outcome of March on Rome

A

Mussolini was appointed to prime minister by the King

35
Q

How did Mussolini work the first 3 years?

A

Expected to work within the parliament

He puts powerful individuals in positions during these years

36
Q

4 Key Parts of the Versailles Treaty

A

Reparation: how much they have to pay

Reduce the German military

Loss of territory

Germany takes sole ownership for WW1

37
Q

Reasons for Hitler’s rise to power

A

Charismatic

People unhappy with Versaille Treaty

Unemployment

Hyperinflation

38
Q

What did Hitler use to rule by decree?

A

Article 48

39
Q

What starts Hitler’s hunt for communists?

A

Mentally ill man burns Reichstag

40
Q

Law for Protection of the People and the State

A

Takes away Germans civil liberities

41
Q

Enabling Act

A

Gave Hitler the soul power to rule by decree

42
Q

Appeasement

A

Believed that Hitler had real grievances and that his goals were limited and acceptable

Western powers decided to negotiate and make concessions

43
Q

Czech and Germany

A

Chamberlain try to appease Germany

But Germany wants succession of Sudetenland in 3 days

44
Q

Who proposed Munich conference?

A

Mussolini

45
Q

Why was the Munich conference called?

A

To discuss the succession of Sudeteland

46
Q

Results of Munich conference

A

Gave Sudetenland to Germany

Czechs defenseless

47
Q

September 1, 1939

A

Hitler invades Poland

Official start of WW2 in Europe

48
Q

How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Not allowed to expand

Not allowed to have a military

49
Q

What was first nation to be annexed by Germany

A

Austria

anschluss

50
Q

Definition of Genocide

A

any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily…

51
Q

Hitler’s 3 Goals for Stage 1

A

1) Strip German Jews of Citizenship
2) Harsh discrimination to force emigration
3) Expel by force if necessary

52
Q

3 Stages of the Holocaust

A

Stage 1: Dehumanization

Stage 2: Ghettos

Stage 3: Final Solution

53
Q

Groups targeted by the Nazis

A

Jews

Gypsies

Poles

Slavs

Mentally disabled

Communists

Gays

54
Q

Free world during the Holocaust

A

Knew about it (It was in newspapers)

Bermuda Conference nothing comes out of it

Never bombed Death Camps

55
Q

Bystanders Reactions to the Holocaust

A

Most people did not say anything about it

56
Q

Kristallnacht

A

Night of the Broken Glass

Pogrom

Organized attack destroying Jewish property

57
Q

Why did Kristallnacht happen

A

Young, Jewish man in France killed a Nazi Guard

Collective responsibility (all the Jews were punished)

58
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A

German jews lost their citzenship

Immigrants into Germany not considered citizens

3 or 4 Jewish grandparents meant you were a Jew

59
Q

Who was pardoned in Nuremberg Laws?

A

Veterans

60
Q

Final Solution

A

Created by Heydrich

Revealed at Wansee Conference

Nazi policy of exterminating Jews through concentration camps

61
Q

Nuremberg War Crimes Trials

A

Sets precedent that “I was just following orders” is not an excuse

20th Century (14 decks)

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