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20th Century > Holocaust Packet/Notes > Flashcards

Holocaust Packet/Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Name of Hitler’s autobiography and political manifesto

A

Mein Kampf

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2
Q

Main thesis of Mein Kampf

A

“The Jewish Peril”

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3
Q

Where did ideas for Mein Kampf stem from?

A

Elders of Zion

Czar’s Russia

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4
Q

What did Hitler link?

A

Bolshevism and Judaism

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5
Q

Lebensraum

A

Future of Germany has to lie on the acquisition of the East at the expense of Russia

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6
Q

Problems of Weimar Republic

A

Hyperinflation

Lack of support for veterans

Defending need for brownshirts

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7
Q

Globalists

A

Historians that believe Hitler always wanted to rule the world

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8
Q

Continentalists

A

Historians that believe that Hitler only wanted to take over the continent of Europe

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9
Q

Intentionalists

A

Believe that in Mein Kampf, Hitler always panned on exterminating the Jews

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10
Q

Functionalists

A

Believe that the Holocaust is developing as events happen

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11
Q

Hitler’s 3 Goals for Stage 1

A

1) Strip German Jews of Citizenship
2) Harsh discrimination to force emigration
3) Expel by force if necessary

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12
Q

Ladder of Prejudice

A

starts with Speech

Moves through avoidance and discrimination

Ends with physical attacks and genocide

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13
Q

How does Hitler gain blind obedience?

A

Repairs the German economy

Organizes takeover of Jewish buisnesses

Established totalitarian state

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14
Q

How does Hitler repair the economy?

A

Rearranges it

Women and children not allowed to work so no longer listed as unemployed

Allows factories to produce weapons

Mandatory to serve in army

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15
Q

How is propaganda effective?

A

Establishes a totalitarian state

Prepares Germans to accept treatment of Jews

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16
Q

What happens in 1938 and how does it affect Jews?

A

Germany annexes Austria

Kristallnacht

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17
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A

German jews lost their citzenship

Immigrants into Germany not considered citizens

3 or 4 Jewish grandparents meant you were a Jew

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18
Q

Who was pardoned in Nuremberg Laws?

A

Veterans

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19
Q

What comes out of the Evian conference?

A

Not much

People do want to take Jews because of the Great Depression

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20
Q

Cooling off period

A

1934-1936

Things are not impacting Jews and they thought the worst of it was over

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21
Q

Why didn’t German Jews try to get out?

A

Family and businesses were there

Thought the worst was done

Thought they could always leave if they wanted to

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22
Q

Why does Hitler ramp everything up?

A

He realizes that other countries will not take the Jews and he needs to deal with them

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23
Q

Pogrom

A

Organized attack

Kristallnacht

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24
Q

Why did Kristallnacht happen

A

Young, Jewish man in France killed a Nazi Guard

Collective responsibility (all the Jews were punished)

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25
How do Jews feel about Kristallnacht?
They think it is very personal since their neighbors and friends did nothing to stop it
26
Difference between concentration camps and death camps
Concentration camps: for political prisoners (work) Death camps: for Jews (extermination)
27
What 3 disadvantages did Eastern Jews have?
1) Difference dress, language, and culture 2) Anti-seminism is prevalent which allows the citizens to willingly aid 3) Concentrated population (easy to group into Ghettos)
28
Where are Ghettos located?
Urban centers Near railways (transport them later)
29
Judenrat
Highly respected Jews that were put in charge of Ghettos in order to discredit them
30
Positives and negatives of Judenrats
Pos: make gardens and community centers Neg: have to make lists of who will die
31
Adam Czerniakow
Head of Warsaw Ghetto Ended up killing himself because he did not want to give children to the Nazis
32
Martin Rumkowski
Head of Lodz Ghetto Believed that work would set his people free Organized people into manufactoring for Nazis
33
What did Rumkowski say?
"Give me your children"
34
What were Jews told when they were deported?
Told they were getting resettlement in the East
35
Law for Prevention of Progeny with Hereditary Diseases
Forced sterilization of all persons who suffered from disease
36
What diseases did the Nazis try to exterminate?
Intellectual disabilities Deafness, blindness Alcholism
37
Who was the Law for Prevention of Progeny with Hereditary Diseases targeted at?
All Germans Was NOT targeted at Jews
38
Eugenic
false science basis of Nazi radical policy
39
Euthanasia Centers importance
Prototypes of the extermination camps in Poland
40
How did Hitler get the idea for Euthanasia centers?
Parents asked Hitler to kill their mentally disabled son, so he would have a better way of life Hitler saw this as a way to save money
41
What was significant about Hitler's order of the Euthansia program?
It is the only piece of paper with Hitler's signature
42
Bureau for Race and Politics
Takes over in science education at school Tells lies about eugenics
43
Lebenborn
the pursuit of a pure German race
44
What did Lebenborn allow?
Girls to have marriage out of wedlock to make more soldiers Shipped Polish kids with blond hair and blue eyes to create ideal race
45
Jewish Social Self-Help
Run by volunteers in Ghettos that provided medical care and planned cultural events Created schools and soup kitchens
46
Compassionate Individuals in Ghettos
Janusz Korczak moved his orphanage for Jewish kids into the Ghetto Irena Sendlerowa smuggles 2,500 children out of the Ghetto
47
Ringelblum
Documented life inside the Warsaw ghetto and buried documents underneath in milk cans
48
Ringelblum's realization
Relief work is not going to save everyone Show distribute food so that a couple survive instead of everyone dying
49
Who were smugglers in the Ghetto?
Children because they were small and fit through cracks in the wall
50
Passive and physical examples of resistance
Passive: making schools and orphanages and symphonies, denying Nazi orders Physical: Warsaw ghetto uprising, armed revolt in Death camps, Jewish partisans
51
Literal meaning of Holocaust
Fire that causes total destruction
52
Semitic
Refers to a group of languages (not people) Umbrella term of languages
53
Gentiles
Non-jews
54
Do the terms Jew and Aryan refer to race?
Jewish: refers to a religion Aryan: refers to a family of languages
55
What was one of the first organized attacks on Jews under Hitler?
1933 The boycott of Jewish businesses
56
Three things that had to be accomplished before all out war on Jews
1) Restore economy 2) Takeover Jewish business 3) Prime the population through propaganda
57
Mischlinge
German with mixed blood Considered second class citizens Term created in Nuremberg laws
58
Why were Austrian Jews emigrated?
Eichmann threatened them with life imprisonment unless they left
59
Summarize the story of the St. Louis
Boat with Jewish refugees started out to Cuba and then was going to ultimately end up in the US Halfway there Cuba had a change of heart and sent all but 30 passengers back to countries that would later be invaded by Germany
60
In what way did Eastern Jews have it better than Western Jews?
They had a lot of experience with violence so they were more conditioned to handle Nazis Western Jews fell prey to depression and suicide
61
What did Ghettos provide for Germans?
Free workforce after decree declared all Jews slave laborers Many factories set up near Ghettos
62
Einsatzgruppen
A separate army of killers assigned to zero in on Jews These were the groups of firing squads prior to the Final Solution Each member of the Einsatzgruppen had killed about 333 people
63
Wannsee Conference
Heydrich reveals his plan for the final the solution Replaces Einsatzgruppen with Euthansia program
64
S-Trucks
Used in Russia (and later Eastern Europe) Looked like normal vans but they actually exhaust poisonous gas on the inside
65
Sonderkammandos
Jewish and Polish camp prisoners forced to do the dirty work in the cleanup of the gassings Moral dilemma
66
Who was in charge of moving the Jews? What was his official title?
Adolf Eichmann Chief Engineer of the SS
67
What two factors contributed to how effectively the Final Solution worked in other countries?
1) The degree of control the Nazis had over the government of the occupied country 2) The way local populations felt about their Jews
68
Story of Albania summary
Merlika Kruja (PM) protected 350 Jewish families in his country by getting them fake passports
69
Story of Hungarian Jews summary
Last Jews to be sent to death camps Germans were starting to loose the war, so they moved quickly and killed 400,000 Jews in 6 weeks Gas chambers too full. Had to shoot some of them
70
Famous Auschwitz doctor and what did he study? Why?
Dr. Josef Mengele Twins Hitler wanted to be able to maximize the amount of Aryans (how do you make twins)
71
Kapos
Prison criminals in charge of units at concentration camps
72
Birkenhau
The death camp portion of Auschwitz
73
Why is Aushwitz the most famous?
People survived and escaped to tell about the horrors that took place there
74
Canada
Warehouse at Auschwitz that stored belongings of Jews Also stored everyday commodities
75
Story of Zimetbaum and Galinski
Two lovers who were very smart and one got a SS guard uniform and snuck out of Auschwitz They were eventually caught an`d publicly executed at Auschwitz
76
Why did US never bomb Auschwitz?
Policy of not mixing military and humanitarian efforts Thought best way to save people was to win the war quickly``
77
What happened before Auschwitz fell?
Prisoners taken on death marches in order not to be found
78
War Refugee Board
Roosevelt's only thing policy that really helped the Jews and did not come until 1944
79
Why did the free world wait so long to act when they clearly knew about the Holocaust?
1) Government leaders did not want to get involved in another countries internal affairs 2) Many people feared involvement in another world war 3) Readers believed that newspaper reports were highly exaggerated 4) Anti-semintic views
80
Heydrich
Helped create the final solution Assainated and 3 death camps opened
81
World Zionist Organization
Created Israel in Palestine
81
World Zionist Organization
Created Israel in Palestine
82
International Military Tribune
Had to prepare case against the Nazis
83
Nuremberg Trials
Sets precedent that "I was just following orders" is not an excuse

20th Century (14 decks)

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