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20th Century > Holocaust Packet/Notes > Flashcards

Holocaust Packet/Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Name of Hitler’s autobiography and political manifesto

A

Mein Kampf

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2
Q

Main thesis of Mein Kampf

A

“The Jewish Peril”

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3
Q

Where did ideas for Mein Kampf stem from?

A

Elders of Zion

Czar’s Russia

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4
Q

What did Hitler link?

A

Bolshevism and Judaism

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5
Q

Lebensraum

A

Future of Germany has to lie on the acquisition of the East at the expense of Russia

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6
Q

Problems of Weimar Republic

A

Hyperinflation

Lack of support for veterans

Defending need for brownshirts

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7
Q

Globalists

A

Historians that believe Hitler always wanted to rule the world

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8
Q

Continentalists

A

Historians that believe that Hitler only wanted to take over the continent of Europe

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9
Q

Intentionalists

A

Believe that in Mein Kampf, Hitler always panned on exterminating the Jews

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10
Q

Functionalists

A

Believe that the Holocaust is developing as events happen

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11
Q

Hitler’s 3 Goals for Stage 1

A

1) Strip German Jews of Citizenship
2) Harsh discrimination to force emigration
3) Expel by force if necessary

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12
Q

Ladder of Prejudice

A

starts with Speech

Moves through avoidance and discrimination

Ends with physical attacks and genocide

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13
Q

How does Hitler gain blind obedience?

A

Repairs the German economy

Organizes takeover of Jewish buisnesses

Established totalitarian state

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14
Q

How does Hitler repair the economy?

A

Rearranges it

Women and children not allowed to work so no longer listed as unemployed

Allows factories to produce weapons

Mandatory to serve in army

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15
Q

How is propaganda effective?

A

Establishes a totalitarian state

Prepares Germans to accept treatment of Jews

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16
Q

What happens in 1938 and how does it affect Jews?

A

Germany annexes Austria

Kristallnacht

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17
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A

German jews lost their citzenship

Immigrants into Germany not considered citizens

3 or 4 Jewish grandparents meant you were a Jew

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18
Q

Who was pardoned in Nuremberg Laws?

A

Veterans

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19
Q

What comes out of the Evian conference?

A

Not much

People do want to take Jews because of the Great Depression

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20
Q

Cooling off period

A

1934-1936

Things are not impacting Jews and they thought the worst of it was over

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21
Q

Why didn’t German Jews try to get out?

A

Family and businesses were there

Thought the worst was done

Thought they could always leave if they wanted to

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22
Q

Why does Hitler ramp everything up?

A

He realizes that other countries will not take the Jews and he needs to deal with them

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23
Q

Pogrom

A

Organized attack

Kristallnacht

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24
Q

Why did Kristallnacht happen

A

Young, Jewish man in France killed a Nazi Guard

Collective responsibility (all the Jews were punished)

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25
Q

How do Jews feel about Kristallnacht?

A

They think it is very personal since their neighbors and friends did nothing to stop it

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26
Q

Difference between concentration camps and death camps

A

Concentration camps: for political prisoners (work)

Death camps: for Jews (extermination)

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27
Q

What 3 disadvantages did Eastern Jews have?

A

1) Difference dress, language, and culture
2) Anti-seminism is prevalent which allows the citizens to willingly aid
3) Concentrated population (easy to group into Ghettos)

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28
Q

Where are Ghettos located?

A

Urban centers

Near railways (transport them later)

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29
Q

Judenrat

A

Highly respected Jews that were put in charge of Ghettos in order to discredit them

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30
Q

Positives and negatives of Judenrats

A

Pos: make gardens and community centers

Neg: have to make lists of who will die

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31
Q

Adam Czerniakow

A

Head of Warsaw Ghetto

Ended up killing himself because he did not want to give children to the Nazis

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32
Q

Martin Rumkowski

A

Head of Lodz Ghetto

Believed that work would set his people free

Organized people into manufactoring for Nazis

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33
Q

What did Rumkowski say?

A

“Give me your children”

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34
Q

What were Jews told when they were deported?

A

Told they were getting resettlement in the East

35
Q

Law for Prevention of Progeny with Hereditary Diseases

A

Forced sterilization of all persons who suffered from disease

36
Q

What diseases did the Nazis try to exterminate?

A

Intellectual disabilities

Deafness, blindness

Alcholism

37
Q

Who was the Law for Prevention of Progeny with Hereditary Diseases targeted at?

A

All Germans

Was NOT targeted at Jews

38
Q

Eugenic

A

false science

basis of Nazi radical policy

39
Q

Euthanasia Centers importance

A

Prototypes of the extermination camps in Poland

40
Q

How did Hitler get the idea for Euthanasia centers?

A

Parents asked Hitler to kill their mentally disabled son, so he would have a better way of life

Hitler saw this as a way to save money

41
Q

What was significant about Hitler’s order of the Euthansia program?

A

It is the only piece of paper with Hitler’s signature

42
Q

Bureau for Race and Politics

A

Takes over in science education at school

Tells lies about eugenics

43
Q

Lebenborn

A

the pursuit of a pure German race

44
Q

What did Lebenborn allow?

A

Girls to have marriage out of wedlock to make more soldiers

Shipped Polish kids with blond hair and blue eyes to create ideal race

45
Q

Jewish Social Self-Help

A

Run by volunteers in Ghettos that provided medical care and planned cultural events

Created schools and soup kitchens

46
Q

Compassionate Individuals in Ghettos

A

Janusz Korczak moved his orphanage for Jewish kids into the Ghetto

Irena Sendlerowa smuggles 2,500 children out of the Ghetto

47
Q

Ringelblum

A

Documented life inside the Warsaw ghetto and buried documents underneath in milk cans

48
Q

Ringelblum’s realization

A

Relief work is not going to save everyone

Show distribute food so that a couple survive instead of everyone dying

49
Q

Who were smugglers in the Ghetto?

A

Children because they were small and fit through cracks in the wall

50
Q

Passive and physical examples of resistance

A

Passive: making schools and orphanages and symphonies, denying Nazi orders

Physical: Warsaw ghetto uprising, armed revolt in Death camps, Jewish partisans

51
Q

Literal meaning of Holocaust

A

Fire that causes total destruction

52
Q

Semitic

A

Refers to a group of languages (not people)

Umbrella term of languages

53
Q

Gentiles

A

Non-jews

54
Q

Do the terms Jew and Aryan refer to race?

A

Jewish: refers to a religion

Aryan: refers to a family of languages

55
Q

What was one of the first organized attacks on Jews under Hitler?

A

1933

The boycott of Jewish businesses

56
Q

Three things that had to be accomplished before all out war on Jews

A

1) Restore economy
2) Takeover Jewish business
3) Prime the population through propaganda

57
Q

Mischlinge

A

German with mixed blood

Considered second class citizens

Term created in Nuremberg laws

58
Q

Why were Austrian Jews emigrated?

A

Eichmann threatened them with life imprisonment unless they left

59
Q

Summarize the story of the St. Louis

A

Boat with Jewish refugees started out to Cuba and then was going to ultimately end up in the US

Halfway there Cuba had a change of heart and sent all but 30 passengers back to countries that would later be invaded by Germany

60
Q

In what way did Eastern Jews have it better than Western Jews?

A

They had a lot of experience with violence so they were more conditioned to handle Nazis

Western Jews fell prey to depression and suicide

61
Q

What did Ghettos provide for Germans?

A

Free workforce after decree declared all Jews slave laborers

Many factories set up near Ghettos

62
Q

Einsatzgruppen

A

A separate army of killers assigned to zero in on Jews

These were the groups of firing squads prior to the Final Solution

Each member of the Einsatzgruppen had killed about 333 people

63
Q

Wannsee Conference

A

Heydrich reveals his plan for the final the solution

Replaces Einsatzgruppen with Euthansia program

64
Q

S-Trucks

A

Used in Russia (and later Eastern Europe)

Looked like normal vans but they actually exhaust poisonous gas on the inside

65
Q

Sonderkammandos

A

Jewish and Polish camp prisoners forced to do the dirty work in the cleanup of the gassings

Moral dilemma

66
Q

Who was in charge of moving the Jews? What was his official title?

A

Adolf Eichmann

Chief Engineer of the SS

67
Q

What two factors contributed to how effectively the Final Solution worked in other countries?

A

1) The degree of control the Nazis had over the government of the occupied country
2) The way local populations felt about their Jews

68
Q

Story of Albania summary

A

Merlika Kruja (PM) protected 350 Jewish families in his country by getting them fake passports

69
Q

Story of Hungarian Jews summary

A

Last Jews to be sent to death camps

Germans were starting to loose the war, so they moved quickly and killed 400,000 Jews in 6 weeks

Gas chambers too full. Had to shoot some of them

70
Q

Famous Auschwitz doctor and what did he study? Why?

A

Dr. Josef Mengele

Twins

Hitler wanted to be able to maximize the amount of Aryans (how do you make twins)

71
Q

Kapos

A

Prison criminals in charge of units at concentration camps

72
Q

Birkenhau

A

The death camp portion of Auschwitz

73
Q

Why is Aushwitz the most famous?

A

People survived and escaped to tell about the horrors that took place there

74
Q

Canada

A

Warehouse at Auschwitz that stored belongings of Jews

Also stored everyday commodities

75
Q

Story of Zimetbaum and Galinski

A

Two lovers who were very smart and one got a SS guard uniform and snuck out of Auschwitz

They were eventually caught an`d publicly executed at Auschwitz

76
Q

Why did US never bomb Auschwitz?

A

Policy of not mixing military and humanitarian efforts

Thought best way to save people was to win the war quickly``

77
Q

What happened before Auschwitz fell?

A

Prisoners taken on death marches in order not to be found

78
Q

War Refugee Board

A

Roosevelt’s only thing policy that really helped the Jews and did not come until 1944

79
Q

Why did the free world wait so long to act when they clearly knew about the Holocaust?

A

1) Government leaders did not want to get involved in another countries internal affairs
2) Many people feared involvement in another world war
3) Readers believed that newspaper reports were highly exaggerated
4) Anti-semintic views

80
Q

Heydrich

A

Helped create the final solution

Assainated and 3 death camps opened

81
Q

World Zionist Organization

A

Created Israel in Palestine

81
Q

World Zionist Organization

A

Created Israel in Palestine

82
Q

International Military Tribune

A

Had to prepare case against the Nazis

83
Q

Nuremberg Trials

A

Sets precedent that “I was just following orders” is not an excuse

20th Century (14 decks)

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